Abstract
We propose a time-delayed hyperchaotic system with a single-humped nonlinearity that can be implemented in a controlled way using off-the-shelf electronic circuit elements. The proposed system is simple in design yet complex in its dynamical behavior. A rigorous stability analysis reveals that the system gives birth to a limit cycle via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and also theoretical analysis predicts the occurrence of higher periodic cycles with increasing time delay. The complexity of the system is characterized by phase plane plots, bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. The system is implemented in an electronic circuit, and a data acquisition system is used to control the relevant circuit parameter to visualize the experimental bifurcation diagram. Experimental observations qualitatively support the analytical and numerical results. We believe that the present study will improve our understanding of the dynamical behavior of time-delayed systems with single-humped nonlinearity, which are very much relevant in physiological systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mackey, M.C., Glass, L.: Oscillation and chaos in physiological control system. Science 197, 287–289 (1977)
Ikeda, K., Daido, H., Akimoto, O.: Optical turbulence: chaotic behavior of transmitted light from a ring cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 709–712 (1980)
Wei, J., Yu, C.: Stability and bifurcation analysis in the cross-coupled laser model with delay. Nonlinear Dyn. 66, 29–38 (2011)
Yongzhen, P., Shuping, L., Changguo, L.: Effect of delay on a predatorprey model with parasitic infection. Nonlinear Dyn. 63, 311–321 (2011)
Boutle, I., Taylor, R.H.S., Romer, R.A.: El Niño and the delayed action oscillator. Am. J. Phys. 75, 15–24 (2007)
Pei, L., Wang, Q., Shi, H.: Bifurcation dynamics of the modified physiological model of artificial pancreas with insulin secretion delay. Nonlinear Dyn. 63, 417–427 (2011)
Liao, X., Guo, S., Li, C.: Stability and bifurcation analysis in tri-neuron model with time delay. Nonlinear Dyn. 49, 319–345 (2007)
Le, L.B., Konishi, K., Hara, N.: Design and experimental verification of multiple delay feedback control for time-delay nonlinear oscillators. Nonlinear Dyn. 67, 1407–1418 (2012)
Kwon, O.M., Park, J.H., Lee, S.M.: Secure communication based on chaotic synchronization via interval time-varying delay feedback control. Nonlinear Dyn. 63, 239–252 (2011)
Namajunas, A., Pyragas, K., Tamaševičius, A.: An electronic analog of the Mackey–Glass system. Phys. Lett. A 201, 42–46 (1995)
Uçar, A.: On the chaotic behaviour of a prototype delayed dynamical system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 16, 187–194 (2003)
Sprott, J.C.: A simple chaotic delay differential equation. Phys. Lett. A 366, 397–402 (2007)
Lu, H., He, Z.: Chaotic behavior in first-order autonomous continuous-time systems with delay. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theor. Appl. 43, 700–702 (1996)
Lu, H., He, Y., He, Z.: A chaos-generator: analysis of complex dynamics of a cell equation in delayed cellular neural networks. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theor. Appl. 45, 178–181 (1998)
Mykolaitis, G., Tamaševičius, A., Čenys, A., Bumeliené, S., Anagnostopoulos, A.N., Kalkan, N.: Very high and ultrahigh frequency hyperchaotic oscillators with delay line. Chaos Solitons Fractals 17, 343 (2003)
Tamaševičius, A., Mykolaitis, G., Bumeliené, S.: Delayed feedback chaotic oscillator with improved spectral characteristics. Electron. Lett. 42, 736–737 (2006)
Tamaševičius, A., Pyragine, T., Meskauskas, M.: Two scroll attractor in a delay dynamical system. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 17(10), 3455–3460 (2007)
Yalçin, M.E., Ozoguz, S.: n-scroll chaotic attractors from a first-order time-delay differential equation. Chaos 17, 033112 (2007)
Buscarino, A., Fortuna, L., Frasca, M., Sciuto, G.: Design of time-delay chaotic electronic circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I(58), 1888–1896 (2011)
Pham, V.-T., Fortuna, L., Frasca, M.: Implementation of chaotic circuits with a digital time-delay block. Nonlinear Dyn. 67, 345–355 (2012)
Banerjee, T., Biswas, D., Sarkar, B.C.: Design and analysis of a first order time-delayed chaotic system. Nonlinear Dyn. 70, 721–734 (2012)
Banerjee, T., Biswas, D.: Theory and experiment of a first-order chaotic delay dynamical system. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 23(6), 1330020 (2013)
Biswas, D., Banerjee, T.: A simple chaotic and hyperchaotic time-delay system: design and electronic circuit implementation. Nonlinear Dyn. 83, 2331–2347 (2016)
Peng, J.H., Ding, E.J., Ding, M., Yang, W.: Synchronizing hyperchaos with a scalar transmitted signal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 904–907 (1996)
Muthukumar, P., Balasubramaniam, P.: Feedback synchronization of the fractional order reverse butterfly-shaped chaotic system and its application to digital cryptography. Nonlinear Dyn. 74, 1169–1181 (2013)
Chain, Kai, Kuo, Wen-Chung: A new digital signature scheme based on chaotic maps. Nonlinear Dyn. 74, 1003–1012 (2013)
Özkaynak, F.: Cryptographically secure random number generator with chaotic additional input. Nonlinear Dyn. 78, 2015–2020 (2014)
Kim, M.Y., Sramek, C., Uchida, A., Roy, R.: Synchronization of unidirectionally coupled Mackey–Glass analog circuits with frequency bandwidth limitations. Phys. Rev. E 74, 016211 (2006)
Sano, S., Uchida, A., Yoshimori, S., Roy, R.: Dual synchronization of chaos in Mackey–Glass electronic circuits with time-delayed feedback. Phys. Rev. E 75, 016207 (2007)
Wan, A., Wei, J.: Bifurcation analysis of Mackey–Glass electronic circuits model with delayed feedback. Nonlinear Dyn. 57, 85–96 (2009)
Junges, L., Gallas, J.A.C.: Intricate routes to chaos in the Mackey–Glass delayed feedback system. Phys. Lett. A 376, 2109–2116 (2012)
Amil, P., Cabeza, C., Marti, A.C.: Exact discrete-time implementation of the Mackey–Glass delayed model. IEEE Trans. Circuit. Syst II Express Briefs 62, 681–685 (2015)
Hassard, B.D., Kazarinoff, N.D., Wan, Y.H.: Theory and Applications of Hopf Bifurcation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1981)
Wei, J.: Bifurcation analysis in a scalar delay differential equation. Nonlinearity 20, 2483–2498 (2007)
Farmer, J.D.: Chaotic attractor of an infinite dimensional dynamical system. Phys. D 4, 366393 (1982)
Sedra, A.S., Smith, K.C.: Microelectronic Circuits. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)
labVIEW, National Instrument, http://www.ni.com/labview/ (2014)
Banerjee, T., Biswas, D.: Synchronization in hyperchaotic time-delayed electronic oscillators coupled indirectly via a common environment. Nonlinear Dyn. 73, 2025–2048 (2013)
Leonov, G.A., Kuznetsov, N.V.: Hidden attractors in dynamical systems: from hidden oscillations in Hilbert–Kolmogorov, Aizerman and Kalman problems to hidden chaotic attractor in Chua circuits. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 23, 1330002 (2013)
Acknowledgements
D.B. acknowledges the financial support provided by the CSIR, India. T.B. acknowledges the financial support from SERB (DST) [SB/FTP/PS-005/2013].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Biswas, D., Karmakar, B. & Banerjee, T. A hyperchaotic time-delayed system with single-humped nonlinearity: theory and experiment. Nonlinear Dyn 89, 1733–1743 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-017-3548-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-017-3548-4