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Integrated hydrological study for flash flood assessment using morphometric analysis and MCDA based on hydrological indices—Al-Sail Al-Kabir, KSA

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Abstract

Flood susceptibility is associated with a variety of factors. A hydrologic study of Wadi Al-Sail Al-Kabir was conducted based on morphometric analysis and hydrological indices. The current study aimed to apply morphometric analysis and multi-criteria decision analysis based on hydrological indices for flash flood risk assessment. RS and GIS were used to obtain morphological parameters. Thirty-six parameters were evaluated and categorized to basin geometry, drainage texture, drainage network, and relief characteristics. Spatial analysis was applied in a GIS environment for flash flood assessment, where 11 related hydrological indices were selected: the sediment transport index, stream power index, terrain ruggedness index, topographic wetness index, topographic position index, normalized difference vegetation index, distance to road, precipitation, elevation, slope, and drainage density. Each index was weighted based on its relative significance using an analytical hierarchy process. It was found that the area is 255.13 km2 (large area) and the wadi is related to the 5th order, consisting of 818 streams with a total length of 564.8 km. Finally, the generated map shows that approximately 40.8% of the wadi classified as high- and very high-risk areas, and 39% as moderate-risk areas. Using the generated map as evidence, planners can prepare an appropriate land-use policy to reduce the threat of flooding.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank the Tokyo Institute of Technology for hosting him as a visiting fellow. The researchers would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, for supporting this work. The authors appreciate anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped them to improve the paper.

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This research received no external funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena, 83521, Egypt

    Wael M. Elsadek

  2. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulrazak H. Almaliki

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  1. Wael M. Elsadek
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  2. Abdulrazak H. Almaliki
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Contributions

W.M.E. was involved in conceptualization; methodology; writing—original draft preparation; and writing—reviewing and editing; and A.H.A. was responsible for supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wael M. Elsadek.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 

Fig. 7
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Dem of the study area

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Soil classification in Saudi Arabia

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Flash flood events in the study area

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See Tables 

Table 7 Values of morphometric parameters
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Table 8 Values of morphometric parameters
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Elsadek, W.M., Almaliki, A.H. Integrated hydrological study for flash flood assessment using morphometric analysis and MCDA based on hydrological indices—Al-Sail Al-Kabir, KSA. Nat Hazards (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06450-2

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