Abstract
The Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan and the provinces of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo in Panay, Philippines, are populated communities, highly vulnerable to earthquake hazards, especially tsunami, and having recognized earthquake preparedness measures. This study differentiates their disaster management strategies even though they vary in financial resources. It further compares their earthquake countermeasures to assess the level of compliance with the four priority areas of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk 2015–2030. The previous experiences of researchers as practicing geologist, seismologist, and disaster manager in these two areas have reinforced the needed information that were gathered through on-site visit, in-depth interview with disaster managers, and data mining using the websites of government agencies and private media entities. The collected data were subjected to content analysis. Findings revealed that the four provinces in Panay have minimal financial resources, yet leveraging the synergy of national and local governments and collaboration with foreign institutions, the private sector, and civil society organizations have enabled it to prepare for devastating earthquakes. The high-income Shizuoka Prefecture invests in innovation, logistics, provision of incentives to the governed, and flexibility to achieve an advanced and a considerable earthquake preparedness. These efforts conform mostly to the four priorities for action of the Sendai Framework. In the Philippines, an amendment to existing policies will help the country address its inadequate compliance with the Sendai Framework’s pillar numbers 2 particularly targets (d) and (k); 3 specifically targets (b), (c), and (d); and 4 target (c). The efforts of Shizuoka Prefecture have to be sustained, while the people remain patient in preparing for infrequent large magnitude earthquakes. Complacency may reduce the level of preparedness.
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Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the following institutions: University of the Philippines Visayas; Tohoku University; Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology; Museum of Natural and Environmental History of Shizuoka; Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices in Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo; Shizuoka Prefecture; Shizuoka Prefecture Department of Emergency Management; Office of Civil Defense; Mines and Geosciences Bureau; Shizuoka University; and Japan International Cooperation Agency.
Funding
The authors personally funded this study. The University of the Philippines Visayas reduced the teaching load of Asst. Prof. Ramil Atando to give him enough time in writing the final manuscript. The de-loading did not affect his salary. Dr. Daisuke Sugawara has received full support from Tohoku University while coming up with this paper.
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The two authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis about Panay Island, Philippines, were performed by [Asst. Prof. RA]. On the other hand, the material preparation, data collection, and analysis about Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, were performed by [Dr. DS]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Asst. Prof. RA], while [Dr. DS] commented on the previous version of the manuscript. The second draft and final manuscript were written by [Prof. RA] incorporating the major suggestions by [Dr. DS]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript before its submission to the journal.
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Atando, R.B., Sugawara, D. Differences in the earthquake preparedness of low- and high-income countries: the cases of Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, and the four provinces in Panay, Philippines. Nat Hazards 120, 1951–1977 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06276-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06276-4