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In Vivo 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Assessing Brain Biochemistry in Health and Disease

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that contributes to the elucidation of brain biochemistry. 13C MRS enables the detection of specific neurochemicals and their neuroenergetic correlation with neuronal function. The synergistic outcome of 13C MRS and the infusion of 13C-labeled substrates provide an understanding of neurometabolism and the role of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, 13C MRS provides a window into the altered flux rate of different pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the glutamate/glutamine/GABA cycle, in health and in various diseases. Notably, the metabolic flux rate of the TCA cycle often decreases in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, 13C MRS can be used to investigate several psychiatric and neurological disorders as it directly reflects the real-time production and alterations of key brain metabolites. This review aims to highlight the chronology, the technological advancements, and the applications of 13C MRS in various brain diseases.

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Acknowledgements

Professor Pravat K. Mandal (Principal Investigator) thanks for partial financial support from various agencies: Tata Innovation Fellow (Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India) (Award No. BT/HRD/01/05/2015 to PKM), Indo Australian grant strategic funding to PKM, (Grant No. BT/Indo-Aus/10/31/2016 to PKM), and the ministry of information technology (Grant No. 4(5)/201-ITEA to PKM). Additionally, we would also like to extend our gratitude to the reviewers whose valuable suggestions enabled us to improve and enrich the manuscript to the greatest degree.

Funding

Prof. Pravat K. Mandal (Principal Investigator) thanks for partial financial support from various agencies: Tata Innovation Fellowship (Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India) (Award No. BT/HRD/01/05/2015), Indo Australian grant strategic funding to PKM, (Grant No. BT/Indo-Aus/10/31/2016), and the Ministry of Information Technology (Grant No. 4(5)/201-ITEA).

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  1. Rimil Guha Roy and Avantika Samkaria have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India

    Pravat K. Mandal, Rimil Guha Roy, Avantika Samkaria & Yashika Arora

  2. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, Australia

    Pravat K. Mandal

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Joseph C. Maroon

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Contributions

Prof. PKM (Principal Investigator) was involved in idea conceptualization, literature review, data review, and writing and editing the manuscript. Ms. As and Ms. RGR were involved in literature search, figure preparation, and writing the manuscript. Dr. JM and Dr YA were involved in discussion and writing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pravat K. Mandal.

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Mandal, P.K., Guha Roy, R., Samkaria, A. et al. In Vivo 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Assessing Brain Biochemistry in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 47, 1183–1201 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-022-03538-8

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