Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of GnRH on Neurite Outgrowth, Neurofilament and Spinophilin Proteins Expression in Cultured Spinal Cord Neurons of Rat Embryos

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It has been previously described the presence of GnRH receptor in spinal cord neurons of rat embryos and adult rats. However, the functional role of these receptors has not been studied. In this work, the effect of GnRH on neurite outgrowth and cytoskeletal protein expression in cultured spinal cord neurons of rat embryos was analyzed. Specifically, neurofilaments of 68 and 200 kDa by immunoblot assays and spinophilin mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results show that GnRH stimulates neurite outgrowth in addition to an increase in neurofilaments and spinophilin expression. These findings suggest that GnRH may play a role as neuromodulator in neuronal plasticity and that could be considered as a potential factor for neuronal regeneration in spinal cord injuries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jennes L, Eyigor O, Janovick JA, Conn PM (1997) Brain gonadotropin releasing hormone receptors: localization and regulation. Recent Prog Horm Res 52:475–490

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Quintanar JL, Salinas E, González R (2007) Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in cerebral cortical neurons of embryos and adult rats. Neurosci Lett 411:22–25. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.077

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Albertson AJ, Talbott H, Wang Q, Jensen D, Skinner DC (2008) The gonadotropin-releasing hormone type I receptor is expressed in the mouse cerebellum. Cerebellum 7:379–384. doi:10.1007/s12311-008-0038-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Albertson AJ, Navratil A, Mignot M, Dufourny L, Cherrington B, Skinner DC (2008) A immunoreactive GnRH type I receptors in the mouse and sheep brain. J Chem Neuroanat 35:326–333. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.03.004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Dolan S, Evans NP, Richter TA, Nolan AM (2003) Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gondotropin-releasing hormone receptor in sheep spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 346:120–122. doi:10.16/S0304-3940(03)00594-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Quintanar JL, Salinas E, González R (2009) Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor in spinal cord neurons of embryos and adult rats. Neurosci Lett 461:21–24. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Romanelli RG, Barnis T, Maggi M et al (2004) Expression and function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in human olfactory GnRH-secreting neurons an autocrine GnRH loop underlies neuronal migration. J Biol Chem 279:117–126. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307955200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Prange-Kiel J, Jarry H, Schoen M, Kohlmann P, Lohse C, Zhou L, Rune GM (2008) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates spine density via its regulatory role in hippocampal estrogen synthesis. J Cell Biol 180(2):417–426. doi:10.1083/jcb.200707043

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Quintanar JL, Salinas E (2008) Neurotrophic effects of GnRH on neurite outgrowth and neurofilament protein expression in cultured cerebral cortical neurons of rat embryos. Neurochem Res 33:1051–1056. doi:10.1007/s11064-007-9549-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kesavapany S, Li BS, Pant HC (2003) Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in neurofilaments function and regulation. Neurosignals 12:252–264. doi:10.1159/000074627

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Trivedi N, Jung P, Brown A (2007) Neurofilaments switch between distinct mobile and stationary states during their transport along axons. J Neurosci 27:507–516. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4227-06.2007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Allen PB, Ouimet CC, Greengard P (1997) Spinophilin, a novel protein phosphatase 1 binding protein localized to dendritic spines. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94:9956–9961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Feng J, Yan Z, Ferreira A, Tomizawa K, Liauw JA, Zhuo M, Allen PB, Ouimet CC, Greengard P (2000) Spinophilin regulates the formation and function of dendritic spines. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97:9287–9292. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.16.9287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Muly EC, Allen P, Mazloom M, Aranbayeva Z, Greenfield AT, Greengard P (2004) Subcellular distribution of neurabin immunolabeling in primate prefrontal cortex: comparison with spinophilin. Cereb Cortex 14:1398–1407. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sarrouilhe D, di Tommaso A, Metaye T, Ladeveze V (2006) Spinophilin: from partners to functions. Biochimie 88:1099–1113. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2006.04.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tang Y, Janssen WGM, Hao J, Roberts JA, McKay H, Lasley B, Allen PB, Greengard P, Rapp PR, Kordower JH, Hof PR, Morrison JH (2004) Estrogen replacement increases spinophilin-immunoreactive spine number in the prefrontal cortex of female rhesus monkeys. Cereb Cortex 14:215–223. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhg121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Shahar A, de Vellis J, Vernadakis A, Haber B (1989) A dissection and tissue culture. Manual of the nervous system. Wiley-Liss, NY, pp 219–222

    Google Scholar 

  18. Nathan BP, Jiang Y, Wong GK, Shen F, Brewer G, Struble R (2002) Apolipoprotein E4 inhibits, and apolipoprotein E3 promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured adult mouse cortical neurons through the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Brain Res 928:96–105. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03367-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gutiérrez LM, Quintanar JL, Rueda J, Viniegra S, Reig JA (1995) The protein phosphatase inhibitor calyculin-A affects catecholamine secretion and granular distribution in cultured adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Eur J Cell Biol 68:88–95

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Badr M, Pelletier G (1987) Characterization and autoradiographic localization of LHRH receptors in the rat brain. Synapse 1:567–571

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Schwieger J, Warnecke A, Lenarz T, Esser K-H, Scheper V (2015) Neuronal survival, morphology and outgrowth of spiral ganglion neurons using a defined growth factor combination. PLoS One 10(8):e0133680. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133680

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Aakalu G, Smith WB, Nguyen N et al (2001) Dynamic visualization of local protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons. Neuron 30:489–502. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00295-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gentil BJ, Tibshirani M, Durham HD (2015) Neurofilament dynamics and involvement in neurological disorders. Cell Tissue Res 360:609–620. doi:10.1007/s00441-014-2082-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Calderón-Vallejo D, Quintanar JL (2012) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment improves locomotor activity, urinary function and neurofilament protein expression after spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 515:187–190. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.052

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schang AL, Ngô-Muller V, Bleux C et al (2011) GnRH receptor gene expression in the developing rat hippocampus: transcriptional regulation and potential roles in neuronal plasticity. Endocrinology 152:568–580. doi:10.1210/en.2010-0840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Calderón-Vallejo D, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Jasso I, Jiménez-Hernández V, Ruiz-Ornelas J, Jiménez I, Quintanar JL (2015) Functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Neurochem Res 40:455–462. doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1486-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, AGS, C.P. 20131, Mexico

    J. Luis Quintanar, Denisse Calderón-Vallejo & Irma Hernández-Jasso

Authors
  1. J. Luis Quintanar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Denisse Calderón-Vallejo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Irma Hernández-Jasso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Luis Quintanar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Quintanar, J.L., Calderón-Vallejo, D. & Hernández-Jasso, I. Effects of GnRH on Neurite Outgrowth, Neurofilament and Spinophilin Proteins Expression in Cultured Spinal Cord Neurons of Rat Embryos. Neurochem Res 41, 2693–2698 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1983-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1983-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation