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Disorders of Peripheral Innervation and Regulation of Autonomic Functions Evoked by Professional Influence of the Vibration/Noise Factor

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Neurophysiology Aims and scope

We examined changes in the characteristics of innervation of the upper limb and peculiarities of control of the cardiovascular system in 53 male workers (riveters and fitters in an aircraft plant) who were for a long time subjected to the influence of local vibration and noise in the course of their professional activity. As was found, the mean intragroup threshold of vibration sensitivity of a finger of the working hand in these subjects significantly (P < 0.001) exceeded both normative values and corresponding values in the control group. The respective negative shifts were intensified with increase in the professional experience duration. The mean velocity of transmission of an excitation volley along motor fibers of the n. medianus and n. ulnaris of the working limb in the main group was lower by about 9% (P < 0.05) as compared with the respective index in the control group. Transmission via sensory fibers innervating the corresponding regions of the palm was slowed down by more than 20% (P < 0.05). The residual latency at generation of M responses of the palm muscles in the main group was, on average, 6% longer than in the control (P < 0.05). The mean latency of the evoked cutaneous sympathetic potential at stimulation of the finger of the contralateral palm and recording from the palm and dorsum of the hand also significantly (P< 0.05) exceeded the analogous control value. Results of five standard clinical cardiovascular tests (change in the systolic arterial pressure in the orthostatic test, change in the diastolic pressure at realization of an isometric effort by the palm muscles, calculation of the 30/15 ratio of cardiointervals in the orthostatic test and of the coefficients of duration of these intervals in the Valsalva and deep breathing tests) showed that pathological and boundary values of these indices were found in the main group in 60.3, 32.0, 26.0, 36.0, and 34.0% of the examined persons, while analogous cases in the control group were exceptional. Thus, the long-lasting influence of the intense professional activity-related vibration/noise factor results in the formation of demyelinating polyneuropathy in the upper limb nerves with the involvement of motor fiber terminals and sympathetic postganglionic fibers in the pathological process. Changes in the indices of the cardiovascular tests in subjects of the main group demonstrate that these persons frequently suffer from disorders of the peripheral and, probably, central mechanisms of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. This results in the development of a syndrome of progressive autonomic insufficiency (with prevalence of insufficiency of the sympathetic mechanisms).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bogomolets National Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    I. A. Parpaley & S. G. Sova

  2. State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

    T. Ye. Somova

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  1. I. A. Parpaley
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  2. S. G. Sova
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  3. T. Ye. Somova
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Correspondence to S. G. Sova.

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Parpaley, I.A., Sova, S.G. & Somova, T.Y. Disorders of Peripheral Innervation and Regulation of Autonomic Functions Evoked by Professional Influence of the Vibration/Noise Factor. Neurophysiology 46, 478–485 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11062-015-9477-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11062-015-9477-2

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