Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential in regulating plant growth and biomass allocation. Plant N uptake and assimilation influence species adaptation and distribution, yet intra-specific comparisons across environmental gradients are scarce. In this study, white birch (Betula platyphylla) seedlings from three Chinese provenances spanning a wide latitude and temperature gradient were cultivated with two inorganic (NO3 and NH4) and one organic (glycine) N forms. We evaluated seedling performance and N uptake for each N form, including the seedling's ability to uptake intact glycine using stable isotopes (13C and 15N). Our data show that both organic (glycine) and inorganic (NO3−) fertilization forms significantly promoted seedling growth and increased the concentration of N, potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) in plant tissues. However, NH4+ caused toxicity, evidenced by chlorosis and necrosis in the apex of old leaves, thereby limiting growth. Seedling growth increased with decreasing latitude, while nutrient concentrations in both shoots and roots decreased with decreasing latitude. Counter to traditional mineral nutrition theory, all seedlings took up intact glycine. Our study can help guide nursery fertilization practices and suggests that the climate of origin affects growth but does not substantially change the preferred N source.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Zhang Shuo, Song Boyang and Liu Chang for their inestimable help during seedling cultivation and sample preparation. We also thank Wei Yun and Yang Xiusen from Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for 15N analysis. We thank the Standard Map Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources for data of Fig. 1. This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2572020DR05) and the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program (Technology Development Team for High-efficient Silviculture of Forest Resources). HBW acknowledges funding from China Scholarship Council (CSC number 201906600024); and RLS acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Juan de la Cierva Programme, grant IJC2018-036123-I).
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HW, PZ and HS conceived and designed the study. HW, YL and CL cultivated seedlings, applied fertilizer, prepared samples and performed the measurements. HW analyzed the data, guided by JR-C and RLS. HW, JR-C and RLS prepared the first draft of the manuscript. PZ, HS, YL and CL revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wu, H., Salomón, R.L., Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J. et al. Selective uptake of organic and inorganic nitrogen by Betula platyphylla seedlings from different provenances. New Forests 54, 921–944 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09949-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09949-3