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Porous silicon from industrial waste engineered for superior stability lithium-ion battery anodes

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Abstract

Silicon waste from industrial cutting silicon rod process is assessed as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to expand utilization of silicon waste and effectively reduce the cost. However, it is still a big challenge to achieve a large-scale and green-effective manufacture. Hence, it is important to propose a facile, low-cost, and scalable method which prepares porous silicon as an anode by chemical etching of silicon waste using acid and alkaline solution. The silicon etched by HF solution possesses porous structure, which exhibits higher capacity than unetched samples. Comparatively, the silicon etched by NaOH solution has the flaky shape with about 110 nm and shows superior cycling performance and stability (600.7 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 420 mA g−1), which can be ascribed to its abundant porous structure, as well as the amorphous SiOx layer accommodating the volume expansion of embedded Si. The silicon waste modified by scalable etching reveals greatly enhanced electrochemical properties for LIB anodes. It is a promising method of improving the electrochemical properties of porous Si anode materials for commercial LIBs.

Graphical abstract

The two kinds of porous silicon were cleverly fabricated using KL-Si through facile ball-milling and chemical etching. H-Si owns the high initial coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity at lower current density. However, N-Si exhibits the superior cycling stability, which can be attributed to larger specific area and the SiOx layer to buffer enormous volume expansion of Si during discharge/charge process.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51672235 and 51902277), the National Ten Thousand Program (2017), Science and Technology Talents Training Project of Urumqi, and the Xinjiang Tianchi Doctoral Project (2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, 830046, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China

    Tongyu Yang, Yang Gao, Yakun Tang, Yang Zhang, Xiaohui Li & Lang Liu

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  1. Tongyu Yang
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  2. Yang Gao
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  3. Yakun Tang
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  4. Yang Zhang
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Correspondence to Lang Liu.

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Yang, T., Gao, Y., Tang, Y. et al. Porous silicon from industrial waste engineered for superior stability lithium-ion battery anodes. J Nanopart Res 23, 209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05280-8

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