Abstract
Colloidal suspensions of AuxPd1-x nanoalloys were prepared via hydrazine co-reduction of [AuCl4]− and [PdCl4]2− complex anions in aqueous solution. High molecular weight polymeric compounds polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cryptoionic surfactants (AF-6 and AF-12 neonols, Triton X-100) were used as surface capping agents. Nanoparticles prepared under different experimental conditions were immobilized on γ-Al2O3 supports. The removal of the capping agents from the surface of the active particles was achieved through calcination of samples in oxidative atmosphere (air, 500 °C). This pretreatment of the catalysts significantly enhances their performance. Powder XRD, TEM, and EDX were employed to characterize the structure, size, and composition of the AuxPd1-x/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The immobilized particles consist of uniformly mixed alloys having multi-domain face-centered cubic structure with typical crystallite size of 3–6 nm. The activity of the prepared samples was examined with temperature-programmed CO oxidation reaction (TP-CO+O2). Triton X-100 surfactant is superior in a number of parameters. Among all AuxPd1-x/γ-Al2O3 catalysts tested, the one stabilized with Triton X-100 (0.4%Au-0.2%Pd@Triton X-100) was found to have the highest activity for conversion of CO into CO2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonarowska M, Pielaszek J, Juszczyk W, Karpiński Z (2000) Characterization of Pd–Au/SiO2 catalysts by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed hydride decomposition, and catalytic probes. J Catal 195:304–315
Chen CH, Sarma LS, Chen JM, Shih SC, Wang GR, Liu DG, Tang MT, Lee JF, Hwang BJ (2007) Architecture of Pd–Au bimetallic nanoparticles in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate reverse micelles as investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ACS Nano 1(2):114–125
Cheng D, Xu H, Fortunelli A (2014) Tuning the catalytic activity of Au–Pd nanoalloys in CO oxidation via composition. J Catal 314:47–55
Chernyaev II (1964) Sintez kompleksnykh soedineniy metallov platinovoy gruppy. Chernyaev I.I. – M.: Nauka, Moscow
Cullity BD (1978) Elements of X-ray diffraction, 2nd edn. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading
Damasceno JPV, Maroneze CM, Strauss M, Sigoli FA, Mazali IO (2016) Preparation of supported AuPd nanoalloys mediated by ionic liquid-like functionalized SBA-15: structural correlations concerning its catalytic activity. New J Chem 40:6636–6642
Ellert OG, Tsodikov MV, Nikolaev SA, Novotortsev VM (2014) Bimetallic nanoalloys in heterogeneous catalysis of industrially important reactions: synergistic effects and structural organization of active components. Russ Chem Rev 83(8):718–732
Gilroy KD, Ruditskiy A, Peng HC, Qin В, Xia Y (2016) Bimetallic nanocrystals: syntheses, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 116(18):10414–10472
Haruta M, Yamada N, Kobayashi T, Iijima S (1989) Gold catalysts prepared by coprecipitation for low-temperature oxidation of hydrogen and of carbon monoxide. J Catal 115:301–309
Janlamool J, Jongsomjit B (2017) Catalytic ethanol dehydration to ethylene over nanocrystalline χ- and γ-Al2O3 catalysts. J Oleo Sci 66(9):1029–1039
Kang N, Mei SN, Shan S, Wu J, Zhao W, Yin J, Fang W, Luo J, Petkov V, Zhong CJ (2016) Synergistic catalytic properties of bifunctional nanoalloy catalysts in rechargeable lithium-oxygen battery. J Power Sources 326:60–69
Krauth AC, Bernstein GH, Wolf EE (1997) Novel microfabricated Pd-Au/ SiO2 bimetallic model catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. Catal Lett 45:177–186
Krumm S (1996) An interactive Windows program for profile fitting and size/strain analysis. Mater Sci Forum 228–231:183
Li G, Enache DI, Edwards J, Carley AF, Knight DW, Hutchings GJ (2006) Solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol with oxygen using zeolite-supported Au and Au–Pd catalysts. Catal Lett 110(1–2):7–13
NETZSCH (2005) Proteus thermal analysis v.4.8.1. NETZSCH-Gerätebau. Bayern, Germany
Oezaslan M, Hasche F, Strasser P (2011) In situ observation of bimetallic alloy nanoparticle formation and growth using high-temperature XRD. Chem Mater 23:2159–2165
Persson K, Ersson A, Jansson K, Iverlund N, Järås S (2005) Influence of co-metals on bimetallic palladium catalysts for methane combustion. J Catal 231:139–150
Powder Diffraction File (2009) PDF-2. International Centre for Diffraction Data. USA
Prati L, Villa A, Porta F, Wang D, Su D (2007) Single-phase gold/palladium catalyst: the nature of synergistic effect. Catal Today 122:386–390
Puddephatt RJ (1978) The chemistry of gold. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Sankar M, He Q, Dawson S, Nowicka E, Lu L, Bruijnincx PCA, Beale AM, Kiely CJ, Weckhuysen BM (2016) Supported bimetallic nano-alloys as highly active catalysts for the one-pot tandem synthesis of imines and secondary amines from nitrobenzene and alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 6:5473–5482
Silva TAG, Teixeira-Neto E, Lopez N, Rossi LM (2014) Volcano-like behavior of Au-Pd core-shell nanoparticles in the selective oxidation of alcohols. Sci Rep 4:5766
Thomas JM, Thomas WJ (1997) Principles and practice of heterogeneous catalysis. Wiley, Weinheim
Thysseen VV, Maia TA, Assaf EM (2015) Cu and Ni catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 and SiO2 assessed in glycerol steam reforming reaction. J Braz Chem Soc 12(1):22–31
Wang D, Villa A, Porta F, Prati L, Su D (2008) Bimetallic gold/palladium catalysts: correlation between nanostructure and synergistic effects. J Phys Chem 112:8617–8622
Xu Y, Chen L, Wang X, Yao W, Zhang Q (2015) Recent advances in noble metal based composite nanocatalysts: colloidal synthesis, properties, and catalytic applications. Nano 7:10559–10583
Funding
This work has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-13-10192).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zaytsev, S.Y., Plyusnin, P.E., Slavinskaya, E.M. et al. Synthesis of bimetallic nanocompositions AuxPd1-x/γ-Al2O3 for catalytic CO oxidation. J Nanopart Res 19, 367 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4061-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4061-x