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Low toxic and highly luminescent CdSe/Cd x Zn1−x S quantum dots with thin organic SiO2 coating for application in cell imaging

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Abstract

A silanization process was employed to transfer hydrophobic quantum dots (QDs) prepared via an organic route at high temperature into water phase. The QDs were further coated with a thin organic SiO2 shell to form QDs@SiO2 composite nanoparticles by ligand exchange or remaining initial organic ligands on the surface. In this study, QDs with different ligands, either trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or oleic acid (OA), were employed to investigate the effects of ligands on the reverse micelles in preparing QDs@SiO2 nanoparticles. In the preparing process, hydrophobic QDs were silanized by partially hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). For TOPO-capped CdSe QDs, surface TOPO ligands were completely replaced by partially hydrolyzed TEOS. As for OA-capped CdSe/Cd x Zn1−x S QDs, surface OA ligands were partially replaced. It was found that the ligand exchange drastically reduced the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of CdSe QDs. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity studies of QDs@SiO2 have been carried out in detail. The results indicate that CdSe/Cd x Zn1−x S QDs@SiO2 composite nanoparticles exhibit lower cytotoxicity compared with CdSe QDs@SiO2, because the SiO2 shell and remained OA ligand layer can effectively prevent the leakage of toxic Cd2+ ions. Meanwhile, it was found that these CdSe/Cd x Zn1−x S QDs@SiO2 nanocomposites could keep excellent PL properties even for 24 h incubating with Siha cells, which indicating that our prepared composite nanoparticles are potentially applicable for cell imaging in biological systems.

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Abbreviations

QDs:

Quantum dots

PL:

Photoluminescence

W/O:

Water-in-oil

TEOS:

Tetraethyl orthosilicate

TOPO:

Trioctylphosphine oxide

OA:

Oleic acid

TOP:

Trioctylphosphine

HDA:

Hexadecylamine

TOP:

Trioctylphosphine

ODE:

1-Octadecene

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by the program for Taishan Scholars, the projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572109, 51202090, 51302106, 51402123, and 51402124).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People’s Republic of China

    Yingying Du, Ping Yang, Junpeng Wang, Quande Che, Yongqiang Cao & Qian Ma

  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155, Kraków, Poland

    Katarzyna Matras-Postolek

Authors
  1. Yingying Du
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  2. Ping Yang
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  3. Katarzyna Matras-Postolek
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  4. Junpeng Wang
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  5. Quande Che
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  6. Yongqiang Cao
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  7. Qian Ma
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Correspondence to Ping Yang.

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Du, Y., Yang, P., Matras-Postolek, K. et al. Low toxic and highly luminescent CdSe/Cd x Zn1−x S quantum dots with thin organic SiO2 coating for application in cell imaging. J Nanopart Res 18, 37 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3347-8

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