The laws of formation of phases and of hardening of binary and complexly alloyed molybdenum alloys with Nb, Zr and Ti under internal nitriding are studied. The structure of thin foils is determined, and the particles of the hardening phases are identified. The distribution of the nitride phases over cross section of 1-mm-thick specimens is studied. The visible length (diameter) and thickness of the particles are measured. The number of particles per unit volume is determined The effective diameters of the nitride particles and the interparticle distance are calculated for the case of their approximation by spheres. The conditions (laws) of high-temperature hardening of molybdenum alloys after internal nitriding are determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Determined by comparing the measured volume fraction observed in the images of the particles, which is equal to about 0.08 vol.%, to the total content of zirconium in the alloy equal to 0.13 wt.%.
References
M. Yu. Belomyttsev, “Hardening of single crystals of molybdenum and tungsten alloys by methods of internal nitriding,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 4, 30 – 34 (1999).
S. A. Nikulin, V. M. Khatkevich, S. O. Rogachev, et al., “Structure and mechanical properties of a nitrogen-alloyed alloy of the Fe-Cr-V system nitrided from a gas phase at high temperature,” Fiz. Khim. Obrab. Mater., No. 2, 52 – 57 (2016).
M. Yu. Belomyttsev, B. G. Belyakov, A. N. Kotov, and Yu. Yu. Krushinskii, “Prolonging the service of molybdenum inserts into press molds for pressure casting of steel,” Peredov. Opyt, No. 2, 22 – 25 (1989).
S. S. Kiparisov and Yu. V. Levinskii, Internal Oxidizing and Nitriding of Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1979), 200 p.
M. Yu. Belomyttsev, “Investigation of the laws of formation and growth of nitrides in Mo – Nb alloys after their interaction with nitrogen,” Metallofizika, 8(3), 91 – 95 (1986).
B. G. Belyakov and M. Yu. Belomyttsev, “Surface hardening of polycrystalline W – Zr alloys under internal saturation,” Izv. Vysh. Uchebn. Zaved., Chern. Metall., No. 7, 126 – 129 (1985).
M. Yu. Belomytsev, M. A. Lushkin, and S. N. Votinov, “Raising the high-temperature strength of vanadium alloys after nitriding,” Izv. Vysh. Uchebn. Zaved., Chern. Metall., No. 11, 25 – 26 (2910).
S. A. Nikulin, S. O. Rogachev, V. M. Khatkevich, and A. B. Rozhnov, “Reinforcing ferritic corrosion-resistant steel by the method of “internal” nitriding,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 7, 9 – 12 (2013).
E. P. Daneliya and V. M. Rozenberg, Internally Oxidized Alloys [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1978), 232 p.
Yu. Yu. Levinskii, Internally Oxidized and Internally Nitrided Nanomaterials [in Russian], ÉKOMET, Moscow (2007), 400 p.
B. G. Belyakov,M. Yu. Belomyttsev, and A. V. Baulin, “Facility for high-temperature internal saturation of alloys of refractory metals in a controlled gas atmosphere,” Zavod. Lab., No. 9, 76 – 77 (1971).
B. G. Belyakov and M. Yu. Belomyttsev, “Mechanical properties of internally nitrided single crystal Mo – Nb – Zr – C alloy,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Metally, No. 1, 174 – 175 (1985).
B. G. Belyakov and M. Yu. Belomyttsev, “A study of the effect of gas phase pressure on the process of internal nitriding of molybdenum,” Izv. Vysh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tsvet. Metall., No. 6, 93 – 96 (1986).
S. S. Gorelik, L. N. Rastorguev, and Yu. A. Skakov, X-ray and Electro-Optical Analysis. Applications [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1973), 584 p.
L. M. Utevskii, Electron Diffraction Microscopy in the Science of Metals [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1973), 584 p.
N. E. Rayan and J. W. Martin, “Hardening of some molybdenum alloys with disperse nitride and carbide phases,” in: New Refractory Metallic Materials [in Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1971), pp. 77 – 105.
Ya. I. Gerasimov, A. N. Krestovnikov, and A. S. Shakhov, Chemical Thermodynamics in Nonferrous Metallurgy, Vol. 3 [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1963), 215 p.
B. N. Babich and K. I. Portnoy, Precipitation-Hardened Materials [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1974), 214 p.
M. A. Shtremel, The Strength of Alloys, Pt. 2. Deformation [in Russian], MISiS, Moscow (1997), 527 p.
E. M. Savitskii and G. S. Burkhanov, Single Crystals of Refractory and Rare Metals and Alloys [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1972), 260 p.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 4, pp. 42 – 51, April, 2018.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Belomyttsev, M.Y. A Study of Processes of Phase Formation and Hardening in Molybdenum Alloys After Internal Nitriding. Met Sci Heat Treat 60, 243–252 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-018-0268-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-018-0268-4