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Preparation of rutin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and evaluation of its physicochemical, anticancer, and antibacterial properties

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Abstract

Background

The studies have shown that rutin has great potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial plant base agent; nevertheless, poor bioavailability and low aqueous solubility of rutin limit its application. One of the beneficial routes to increase the solubility and bioavailability of rutin is the development of nanoparticulate material. This study aimed to assess the anticancer and antibacterial effects of rutin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (RUT-MSNs).

Methods

RUT-MSNs were prepared and physicochemically characterized. The cytotoxicity of RUT-MSNs on the HN5 cells as head and neck cancer cells was evaluated. The expression level of apoptosis-related genes such as Bcl-2 and Bax genes were evaluated. In addition, ROS production of RUT-MSNs treated cells was assessed. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm, and attachment inhibitory effects of RUT-MSNs compared with free rutin were assessed against different bacterial strains.

Results

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed mesoporous rod-shaped nanoparticles with an average particle size of less than 100 nm. RUT-MSNs displayed the cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 20.23 µM in 48 h of incubation time (p < 0.05). The elevation in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was displayed within the IC50 concentration of RUT-MSNs in 48 h (p < 0.05). The antibacterial action of rutin was improved by loading rutin in MSNs to the nano-sized range in the MIC test.

Conclusion

The anticancer and antibacterial effects of RUT-MSNs were considerably more than rutin. RUT-MSNs inhibited the growth of HN5 cells by inducing apoptosis and producing ROS. These results suggest that RUT-MSNs may be useful in the treatment of cancers and infections.

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Acknowledgements

The financial support of the Vice-Chancellor for Research (under grant number 69579) at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences is appreciated.

Funding

Funding was provided by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 69579).

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Author notes

  1. Mohammad Yousef Memar and Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia have contributed equally to this article and should be considered co-authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Yousef Memar

  2. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia

  3. Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia

  4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mina Yekani

  5. Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mina Yekani

  6. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Maryam Kouhsoltani

  7. Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Simin Sharifi & Solmaz Maleki Dizaj

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Memar, M.Y., Dalir Abdolahinia, E., Yekani, M. et al. Preparation of rutin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles and evaluation of its physicochemical, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. Mol Biol Rep 50, 203–213 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07953-6

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