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Evaluation of apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects by modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with Zn and NH2 containing cisplatin on HT-29 cell line

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer ranks third in terms of diagnosis and second concerning cancer-related mortality. The current research is aimed to synthesize cisplatin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with NH2 and zinc (Zn-MSN-NH2-CP) through a sol–gel process and test their cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells in vitro. HT-29 and HUVEC cell lines were grown in supplemented DMEM medium. MTT test was used to determine the cytotoxicity of prepared formulations against normal cells as well as cancer cells. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess the expression of the apoptotic genes in HT-29 treated with CP, Zn-MSN-NH2, and Zn-MSN-NH2-CP. Necrosis or early and late apoptosis were also evaluated in cancerous cells through the flow method. Physicochemical characteristics of Zn-MSN-NH2 were assessed by SEM, TEM, DLS, and FT-IR techniques. According to the release profile, surface modification of Zn-MSN-NH2-CP resulted in a more regulated CP release. The Zn-MSN-NH2-CP was more stable at 4 °C. Cancerous cells were significantly affected by the cytotoxic effects of both CP and Zn-MSN-NH2-CP. Zn-MSN-NH2 could also minimize the toxicity of the unbound drug towards normal cells, while considerably increasing its viability. Compared to the controls, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes was enhanced in cells treated with IC50 concentrations of Zn-MSN-NH2-CP and CP, while the expression of BCL-2 mRNA showed a decline. Flow cytometry findings also revealed a substantial increase in the early and late apoptosis in cells treated with Zn-MSN-NH2-CP. These in-vitro findings introduce Zn-MSN-NH2 as a promising nanocarrier for increasing the bioavailability and anti-cancer efficacy of CP in colon cancer cells.

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Notes

  1. Colorectal cancer.

  2. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

  3. Cisplatin.

  4. 3-Aminopropyl.

  5. Dynamic light scattering.

  6. Transmission electron microscope.

  7. Scanning electron microscope.

  8. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

  9. Fetal bovine serum.

  10. Analysis of variance.

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Acknowledgements

The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The author, Hirad Sinafar would like to acknowledge Research Assistant of Islamic Azad University Parand Branch due to the support granted through the Graduate Research Assistantship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic-Sciences, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hirad Sinafar, Farzaneh Tafvizi & Vahid Naseh

  2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Noorbazargan

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  1. Hirad Sinafar
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Correspondence to Vahid Naseh.

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Sinafar, H., Noorbazargan, H., Tafvizi, F. et al. Evaluation of apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects by modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with Zn and NH2 containing cisplatin on HT-29 cell line. J Nanopart Res 25, 89 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05729-y

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