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Bone metastases: a comprehensive review of the literature

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Abstract

The last report of the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that approximately four million people experience bone pain due to malignant diseases. Among them, metastatic bone pain is one of the most important sources of complaint. The estimated median survival in the presence of bone metastases ranks from 10 to 12 weeks. Bone represents a potential target of distant metastases for the majority of malignant tumours. However, the exact incidence of bone metastases is unknown. Bone metastases have an important socio-economic impact, and due to the enhancement of the overall survivorship, their incidence is increasing. Malignant neoplasms such as lung, thyroid, renal cancer, multiple myeloma, and melanoma often metastasize to the bone. Bone metastases commonly localize to the spinal column, pelvis, shoulder, and distal femur. The proper treatment for painful skeletal metastases is still unknown. Hence, the purpose of this review of the literature was to update current evidence concerning the aetiogenesis, biological behaviour, and treatment algorithms for painful skeletal metastases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Filippo Migliorini, Jörg Eschweiler, Markus Tingart & Arne Driessen

  2. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy

    Nicola Maffulli

  3. Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England

    Nicola Maffulli

  4. School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent, England

    Nicola Maffulli

  5. Department of Orthopaedics, David Geffen School of Medicine At UCLA, Suite 755, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Andromahi Trivellas

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Migliorini, F., Maffulli, N., Trivellas, A. et al. Bone metastases: a comprehensive review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 47, 6337–6345 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05684-0

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