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In vivo response of xanthosine on mammary gene expression of lactating Beetal goat

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Abstract

Xanthosine is hypothesized to increase stem cell number by promoting symmetrical cell division. Stem cells, in particular mammary stem/progenitor cells are important for gland growth and tissue repair. Molecular mechanism of xanthosine effects on mammary tissue is very limited therefore, a detailed study is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptomic changes in mammary gland infused/not infused with xanthosine of lactating goat. Seven primiparous Beetal goats on day 5 after kidding, were selected for the study. One gland of each goat was infused with xanthosine (TRT gland) twice daily for 3 days while the other gland did not receive any xanthosine and served as control (CON gland). Biopsy of mammary tissues was taken from TRT and CON glands, 2 days after the last day of treatment that is on day 10 after kidding. Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed for global gene expression analysis of contralateral glands. Of 382 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 372 genes were annotated to the goat genome. Gene ontology analyses revealed majority of the DEGs to be associated with metabolic pathways (glycan and lipid metabolism), biosynthesis of antibiotics and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signalling pathways. These molecular pathways are either directly or indirectly involved with lipid metabolism in mammary tissue and host adaptive immune response. Expression of stem cell marker namely aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDH1A1, ALDH3B1) were upregulated in the treatment gland. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses of selected DEGs showed their expression profiles to be in agreement with results of RNA-seq. To our knowledge, this is the first study that describes effects of xanthosine on transcriptomic changes of mammary tissue. This information can be used further to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying effects of xanthosine to improve production potential and udder health.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the grant received from the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Grant # BT/PR8352/AAQ/1/549/2014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India

    Ratan K. Choudhary, Shanti Choudhary & Ramneek Verma

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  1. Ratan K. Choudhary
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  2. Shanti Choudhary
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  3. Ramneek Verma
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Correspondence to Ratan K. Choudhary.

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Authors declare no competing interests in publishing this article.

Ethical approval

The use of goats for this study was approved by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (Reference No. 25/20/2016-CPCSEA), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Animal Welfare Division), New Delhi.

Electronic supplementary material

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11033_2018_4196_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary material 1. Supplementary file S1: List of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in goat mammary gland infused with xanthosine solution during early lactation period. (XLSX 34 KB)

11033_2018_4196_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary material 2. Supplementary file S2: Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway of DEGs in goat mammary gland after xanthosine infusion. All enriched biological processes were ranked from top to bottom according to the false discovery rate (FDR <0.05) for each GO term. Absolute numbers of observed genes and their official gene symbol is provided. (XLSX 19 KB)

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Choudhary, R.K., Choudhary, S. & Verma, R. In vivo response of xanthosine on mammary gene expression of lactating Beetal goat. Mol Biol Rep 45, 581–590 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4196-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4196-6

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