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How does caspases regulation play role in cell decisions? apoptosis and beyond

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Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, and the key factors behind the cellular events which occur during apoptosis and inflammation. However, increasing evidence shows the non-conventional pro-survival action of apoptotic caspases in crucial processes. These cellular events include cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which may appear in the form of metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in cancerous situations. Therefore, there should be a precise and strict control of caspases activity, perhaps through maintaining the threshold below the required levels for apoptosis. Thus, understanding the regulators of caspase activities that render apoptotic caspases as non-apoptotic is of paramount importance both mechanistically and clinically. Furthermore, the functions of apoptotic caspases are affected by numerous post-translational modifications. In the present mini-review, we highlight the various mechanisms that directly impact caspases with respect to their anti- or non-apoptotic functions. In this regard, post-translational modifications (PTMs), isoforms, subcellular localization, transient activity, substrate availability, substrate selection, and interaction-mediated regulations are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

Auditory Brain-stem Caspase-3

AiP:

Apoptosis-induced Proliferation

AMPAR:

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor

ARC:

Apoptosis Repressor with a CARD

AURKB:

Aurora Kinase B

BIR:

Baculovirus IAP Repeat

CARD:

Caspase Recruitment Domain

CCl4:

Carbon tetrachloride

CDK1:

Cyclin Dependent Kinase-1

cFLIP:

cellular FLICE-Inhibitory Protein

cIAP:

cellular IAP

CK2:

Casein Kinase 2

CoIP:

Co-Immunoprecipitation

CPN2:

Calpain 2

CRISPR/Cas-9:

Clustered Degularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 CTD Carboxyl-

Dark:

Death-associated APAF1-related killer

Dcp-1:

Death caspase-1

DD:

Death Domain

ddaC:

Drosophila dendritic arborizing (da) sensory neuron

DED:

Death-Effector Domain

DIAP-1:

Death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 1

DISC:

Death-Inducing Signaling Complex

DmIKKƐ :

Drosophila IKK-related kinase

DRG:

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Dronc:

Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase

DYRK1A:

Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1A

ECM:

Extra Cellular Matrix

ERK:

Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase

ESC:

Embryonic Stem Cell

EV:

Extracellular Vesicle

FAK:

Focal Adhesion Kinase

FAS:

Cell Surface Death Receptor

GSK3b:

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta

HECTD3:

HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3

HID:

Head Involution Defective

IAPs:

Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins

IC:

Individualization complex

IL:

Interleukin

ISBP:

Ich-1S (caspase-2S)-binding protein

ITD:

Interaural Time Difference

LAMP1:

Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1

LC3II:

Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3

LTD:

Long-Term Depression

MAPK:

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

mTORC:

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex

NAIP:

NLR family Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein

NCAM:

Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule

NFkB:

Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

Ng-CAM:

Neuronal-glial Cell Adhesion Molecule

NMDA receptor:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

PAK:

P21-Activated Kinase

PARP:

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PIDD:

P53-Induced Protein With a Death Domain

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKC:

Protein Kinase C

Rab-GAP:

Rab GTPase-Activating Protein

RGC:

Retinal Ganglion Cell

RING:

Really Interesting New Gene

RIPK:

Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

Rpr:

Reaper

RSK2:

Ribosomal S6 kinase 2

SCF:

Skp-Cullin-F-box protein complex

SOP:

Sensory Organ Precursor

TLR4:

Toll Like Receptor 4

TRAF2:

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2

TRAIL:

TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

UPS:

Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

XIAP:

X-chromosome-linked IAP

XPC:

Xeroderma Pigmentosum, complementation group C

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Royan Institute and the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF97015084) for their support.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from Royan Institute and the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF97015084).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Negar Ghorbani & Jamshid Davoodi

  2. Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Roham Yaghubi

  3. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Pahlavan

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  1. Negar Ghorbani
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  2. Roham Yaghubi
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  3. Jamshid Davoodi
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  4. Sara Pahlavan
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by NG. JD and SP commented on previous versions of the manuscript. RY helped with illustrations. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jamshid Davoodi or Sara Pahlavan.

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Ghorbani, N., Yaghubi, R., Davoodi, J. et al. How does caspases regulation play role in cell decisions? apoptosis and beyond. Mol Cell Biochem (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04870-5

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