Abstract
Objectives To bridge the literature on the effect of father absence, international migration, and social networks on child health, we assess the association between father absence and maternal ratings of child poor health (MCPH). Next we test whether social networks of immediate and extended kin mediate the relationship between fathers’ absence and MCPH. Methods Nested logistic regression models predicting MCPH are estimated using the 2013 Social Networks and Health Information Survey, collected in a migrant-sending community in Guanajuato, Mexico. These unique data distinguish among father absence due to migration versus other reasons and between immediate and extended kin ties. Results Descriptive results indicate that 25% of children with migrant fathers are assessed as having poor health, more often than children with present (15.5%) or otherwise absent fathers (17.5%). In the multivariate models, fathers’ absence is not predictive of MCPH. However, the presence of extended kin ties for the mother was associated with approximately a 50% reduction in the odds of MCPH. Additionally, mother’s poor self-assessed health was associated with increased odds of MCPH while the presence of a co-resident adult lowered the odds of MCPH. In sensitivity analysis among children with migrant fathers, the receipt of paternal remittances lowered the odds of MCPH. Conclusions for Practice Social networks have a direct and positive association with MCPH rather than mediating the father absence-MCPH relationship. The presence of extended kin ties in the local community is salient for more favorable child health and should be considered in public health interventions aimed at improving child health.
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Notes
It is important to note that this research does not specify current migrant households as those with migrating fathers.
Recent evidence suggests that migrant networks are associated with higher BMIs for Mexican children (Creighton et al. 2011).
The names of the original categories in Spanish are as follows: ‘4’ (Excelente), ‘3’ (Buena), ‘2’ (Regular), ‘1’ (Pobre). Although translation issues associated with self-rated health questions have been suggested in multilingual immigrant populations in the U.S., this concern is minimized in this study since all questions were asked in Spanish.
“Fathers” and “spouses” will be used interchangeably in this paper depending on the whether we are referring to the viewpoint of the mother or of the child.
Respondents communicated with 81.7% of social ties in the local community on a weekly or daily basis.
We used a sample size calculator (http://powerandsamplesize.com) where we input the proportion of the sample with extended kin ties having poor health (0.188) and the proportion without extended kin ties having poor health (0.265), while controlling for the sampling ratio. This indicated that we needed 398 responses.
Of the father absent (other) group (n=63), 30 are married, 9 are divorced, 16 are single, and 8 are widowed.
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Edelblute, H.B., Altman, C.E. Father Absence, Social Networks, and Maternal Ratings of Child Health: Evidence from the 2013 Social Networks and Health Information Survey in Mexico. Matern Child Health J 22, 626–634 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2432-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2432-2