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Experimental investigation of ultrasonic effect on natural and forced heat transfer in heat sinks

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Abstract

In this study, ultrasonic waves produced by a piezoelectric device were evaluated for their effects on heat transfer and Nusselt number. The study also considered different power levels for thermal heaters with three types of base plates: round pin and extruded plate pin heat sink. The experiment included convective heat transfer tests conducted in both free and forced convection modes. The free convection tests were performed without a fan, while the forced convection tests were carried out with fans of 40 and 60 rounds per minute (RPM). It was observed that ultrasonic vibrations increased heat transfer and improved the efficiency of the system, particularly under laminar flow conditions. In comparison with the no-vibration and no-fan mode (fan = 0 rpm), higher levels of ultrasonic vibration increased efficiency by 2.5 times in the 80-W (W) heater and 60-rpm fan mode.

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Data availability

The data and material are available and can be presented in the case of need.

Abbreviations

HT:

Heat transfer

HTC:

Heat transfer coefficient

FrC:

Free convection

FoC:

Forced convection

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

HVAC:

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

RPM:

Rounds per minute

W:

Watt

mass%:

Mass percentage

\(A\) :

Heat exchanger area, m2

\(A_{{\text{m}}}\) :

Area flowed through, m2

\(l\) :

Length, m

d :

Diameter, m

\(m\) :

Mass, gr

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow, kg s−1

w :

Flow velocity, m s−1

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic viscosity, m2 s−1

\(T\) :

Temperature, °C

\(\Delta T\) :

Temperature difference, °C

\(Q\) :

Quantity of heat, W

\(P_{{\text{o}}}\) :

Power consumption, kWh

\(c_{{\text{v}}}\) :

Specific heat capacity, J kg−1 °C−1

\(\rho\) :

Density, kg m−3

\(R\) :

Specific gas constant, J kg−1 K−1

\({\text{Re}}\) :

Reynolds number, 1

\(\Pr\) :

Prandtl number, 1

\({\text{Nu}}\) :

Nusselt number, 1

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency, 1

\(\delta\) :

Error, 1

\(n\) :

Number of tests, 1

\(\alpha\) :

Heat transfer coefficient, W m−2 K−1

\(\lambda\) :

Thermal conductivity, W m−1 K−1

\(p\) :

Pressure, Pa

f :

Frequency, Hz

\(\Delta\) :

Total error, %

s :

System

r :

Random

in:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Shahriar Sedighi, Ali Abdollahi & Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani

  2. Aerospace and Energy Conversion Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Shahriar Sedighi, Ali Abdollahi & Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani

Authors
  1. Shahriar Sedighi
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  2. Ali Abdollahi
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  3. Amir Homayoon Meghdadi Isfahani
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Contributions

SS helped in resources; formal analysis; software; investigation; visualization; and writing—original draft. AA worked in supervision; conceptualization; methodology; resources; and writing—review and editing. AHMI contributed to advisor; data curation; validation; funding acquisition; and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Ali Abdollahi.

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Sedighi, S., Abdollahi, A. & Isfahani, A.H.M. Experimental investigation of ultrasonic effect on natural and forced heat transfer in heat sinks. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 3059–3069 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12880-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12880-8

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