Abstract
This study has focused on the systematical investigation of effect of mass fraction and size of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) doped in phase change material (PCM) on thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, melting/solidification temperatures and latent heats. Thermal conductivity, melting/solidification temperatures and latent heats of MWCNTs/PCM composites with three different diameters and two different lengths, obtained by doping MWCNTs into PCM at the mass fraction of 1–5%, were evaluated according to the criteria such as particle size and mass fraction. The results demonstrated that not only mass fractions but also size of MWCNTs are effective on the thermal properties of the composites. It was concluded that increase in diameter and length of MWCNTs positively affects enhancement of thermal conductivity; on the other hand, it does not cause a significant change at melting/solidification temperatures. In addition to these, a decline was observed at melting/solidification latent heats of MWCNTs/PCM composites, depending on doped mass fractions of MWCNTs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sarier N, Onder E. Organic phase change materials and their textile applications: an overview. Thermochim Acta. 2012;540:7–60.
Fan LW, Khodadadi JM. Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2011;15:24–6.
Oró E, de Garcia A, Castel A, Farid MM, Cabeza LF. Review on phase change materials (PCMs) for cold thermal storage applications. Appl Energy. 2012;99:513–33.
Zhou D, Zhao CY, Tian Y. Review on thermal energy storage with phase change material (PCMs) in building applications. Appl Energy. 2012;92:593–605.
Sahoo SK, Das MK, Rath P. Applications of TEC-PCM based heat sinks for cooling of electronic components: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;59:550–82.
Li WQ, Qu ZQ, He YL, Tao YB. Experimental study of a passive thermal management system for high-powered lithium ion batteries using porous metal foam saturated with phase change materials. J Power Sour. 2014;255:9–15.
Weng YC, Cho HP, Chang CC, Chen SL. Heat pipe with PCM for electronic cooling. Appl Energy. 2011;88:1825–33.
Zhou G, He S. Thermal performance of a radiant floor heating system with different heat storage materials and heating pipes. Appl Energy. 2015;138:648–60.
Barzin R, Chen JJ, Young BR, Farid MM. Application of PCM energy storage in combination with ventilation for space cooling. Appl Energy. 2015;158:412–21.
Jin X, Shi D, Midina MA, Shi X, Zhou X, Zhang X. Optimal location of PCM layer in building walls under Nanjing (China) weather conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;129:1767–78.
Ye WB. Enhanced latent heat thermal energy storage in the double tubes using fins. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128:533–40.
Hadiya JP, Kumar A, Shukla N. Experimental thermal behaviour response of paraffin wax as storage unit. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:1511–8.
Sharma A, Tyagi VV, Chen CR, Buddhi D. Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2009;13:318–45.
Yuan Y, Li T, Zhang N, Cao X, Yang X. Investigation on thermal properties of capric–palmitic–stearic acid/activated carbon composite phase change materials for high-temperature cooling application. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:881–8.
Stritih U. An experimental study of enhanced heat transfer in rectangular PCM thermal storage. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2004;47:2841–7.
Agyenim F, Eames P, Smyth M. A comparison of heat transfer enhancement in a medium temperature thermal energy storage heat exchanger using fins. Sol Energy. 2009;83:1509–20.
Zhang P, Mang Z, Zhu H, Yanling W, Peng S. Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer characteristics of a Paraffin/metal foam composite PCM. Energy Proc. 2015;75:3091–7.
Xiao M, Feng B, Gong KC. Preparation and performance of shape stabilized phase change thermal storage materials with high thermal conductivity. Energy Convers Manag. 2002;43:103–8.
Yang J, Yang L, Xu C, Du X. Experimental study on enhancement of thermal energy storage with phase change material. Appl Energy. 2016;169:164–76.
Wang J, Xie H, Xin Z, Li Z, Li Y, Chen L. Enhancing thermal conductivity of palmitic acid based phase change materials with carbon nanotubes as fillers. Sol Energy. 2010;84:339–44.
Kumerasan V, Velraj R, Das SK. The effect of carbon nanotubes in enhancing the thermal transport properties of PCM during solidification. Heat Mass Transf. 2012;48:1345–55.
Zeng JL, Liu YY, Cao ZX, Zhang J, Zhang ZH, Sun LX, Xu F. Thermal conductivity enhancement of MWCNTs on the pani/tetradecanol form-stable PCM. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;91:443–6.
Zeng JL, Cao Z, Yang DW, Xu F, Sun LX, Zhang XF, Zhang L. Effects of MWCNTs on phase change enthalpy and thermal conductivity of a solid–liquid organic PCM. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;95:507–12.
Wu SY, Tang X, Nie CD, Peng DQ, Gong SG, Wang ZQ. The effects of various carbon nanofillers on the thermal properties of paraffin for energy storage applications. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:181–8.
Fan LW, Fang X, Wang X, Zeng Y, Xiao YQ, Yu ZT, Xu X, Hu YC, Cen KF. Effects of various carbon nanofillers on the thermal conductivity and energy storage properties of paraffin-based nanocomposite phase change materials. Appl Energy. 2013;110:163–72.
Yu ZT, Fang X, Fan LW, Wang X, Xiao YQ, Zeng Y, Xu X, Hu YC, Cen KF. Increased thermal conductivity of liquid paraffin-based suspensions in the presence of carbon nano-additives of various sizes and shapes. Carbon. 2013;53:277–85.
Wang J, Xie H, Xin Z. Thermal properties of paraffin based composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Thermochim Acta. 2009;488:39–42.
Wang J, Xie H, Xin Z, Li Y. Increasing the thermal conductivity of palmitic acid by the addition of carbon nanotubes. Carbon. 2010;48:3979–86.
Teng TP, Yu CC. The effect on heating rate for phase change materials containing MWCNTs. Int J Chem Eng Appl. 2012;3:340–2.
Shaikh S, Lafdi K, Hallinan K. Carbon nanoadditives to enhance latent energy storage of phase change materials. J Appl Phys. 2008;103:094302.
Cui Y, Liu C, Hu S, Yu X. The experimental exploration of carbon nanofiber and carbon nanoube additives on thermal behaviour of phase change materials. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells. 2011;95:1208–12.
Huxtable ST, Cahill DG, Shenogin S, Xue LP, Ozisik R, Barone P, Usrey MS, Siddons G, Shim M, Kebliski P. Interfacial heat flow in carbon nanotube suspension. Nat Mater. 2003;2:731–4.
Chen YJ, Nguyen DD, Shen MY, Yip MC, Tai NH. Thermal characterization of the graphite nanosheets reinforced paraffin phase change composites. Compos A. 2013;44:40–6.
Sharma RK, Ganesan P, Tyagi VV. Long-term thermal and chemical reliability study of different organic phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:1357–66.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by ASELSAN INC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Temel, U.N., Kurtulus, S., Parlak, M. et al. Size-dependent thermal properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in phase change materials. J Therm Anal Calorim 132, 631–641 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6966-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6966-8