Abstract
Thermal and structural properties of bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) and that of Ag-, Cu- and Fe-modified forms were investigated by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and surface area measurement methods. Simultaneous TG–DTA curves of all clay samples were obtained at three different heating rates 10, 15 and 20 °C min−1 over the temperature range 25–1000 °C. Adsorption properties of C2H4 for all bentonite samples were obtained at 273 K and pressures up to 100 kPa. Uptake of C2H4 increased as Ag-B > Cu-B > B > Fe-B.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Murray HH. Applied clay mineralogy: occurrences, processing, and application of kaolins, bentonites, palygorskite-sepiolite, and common clays. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007.
Grim RE, Güven N. Bentonites, geology, mineralogy, properties and uses: development in sedimentology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1978.
Murray HH. Applied clay mineralogy today and tomorrow. Clay Miner. 1999;34:39–49.
Grimshaw RW. The chem and phys of clays. Virginia: TechBooks, Fairfax; 1971.
Salveit ME. Effect of ethylene on quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Posthar-vest Biol Tech. 1999;15:279–92.
Vermeiren L, Devlieghere F, Van BM, Kruijf ND, Debevere J. Developments in the active packaging of foods. Trends Food Sci Tech. 1999;10(3):77–86.
Yam KL, editor. The Wiley encyclopedia of packaging technology. New York: Wiley; 2009.
Cağlar B, Afsin B, Tabak A, Eren E. Characterization of the cation-exchanged bentonites by XRPD, ATR, DTA/TG analyses and BET measurement. Chem Eng J. 2009;149:242–8.
Adams JM. Synthetic organic chemistry using pillared, cation-exchanged and acid-treated montmorillonite catalysts-a review. Appl Clay Sci. 1987;2(4):309–42.
Volzone C, Ortiga J. Influence of the exchangeable cations of montmorillonite on gas adsorptions. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2004;82:170–4.
Novak I, Cicel B. Dissolution of smectites in hydrochloric acid; II, Dissolution rate as a function of crystallochemical composition. Clays Clay Miner. 1978;26:341–4.
Christidis GE, Scott PW, Dunham AC. Acid activation and bleaching capacity of bentonites from the islands of Milos and Chios, Aegean, Greece. Appl Clay Sci. 1997;12:329–47.
Venaruzzo JL, Volzone C, Rueda ML, Ortiga J. Modified bentonitic clay minerals as adsorbents of CO, CO2 and SO2 gases. Micropor Mesopor Mater. 2002;56:73–80.
Breen C, Zahoor FD, Madejova J, Komadel P. Characterization and catalytic activity of acid-treated, size-fractionated smectites. J Phys Chem B. 1997;101:5324–31.
Eren E, Afsin B. An investigation of Cu(II) adsorption by raw and acid-activated bentonite: a combined potentiometric, thermodynamic, XRD, IR, DTA study. J Hazard Mater. 2008;151:682–91.
Temuujina J, Jadambaab TS, Burmaaa G, Erdenechimegb SH, Amarsanaab J, MacKenzie KJD. Characterisation of acid activated montmorillonite clay from Tuulant (Mongolia). Ceram Int. 2004;30:251–5.
Tyagi B, Chudasama CD, Jasra RV. Determination of structural modification in acid activated montmorillonite clay by FT-IR spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A. 2006;64:273–8.
Önal M, Sarıkaya Y, Alemdaroğlu T, Bozdoğan İ. The effect of acid activation on some physicochemical properties of a bentonite. Turk J Chem. 2002;26:409–16.
Volzone C, Porto LJM, Pereira E. Acid activation on smectitic material: I. Structural analysis. Rev Latinoam Ing Quím Appl. 1986;16:205–15.
Steudel A, Batenburg LF, Fischer HR, Weidler PG, Emmerich K. Alteration of non-swelling clay minerals and magadiite by acid activation. Appl Clay Sci. 2009;44:95–104.
Ravichandran J, Sivasankar B. Properties of catalytic activity of acid-modified montmorillonite and vermiculite. Clays Clay Miner. 1997;45:584–858.
Gates WP, Anderson JS, Raven MD, Churchman GJ. Mineralogy of a bentonite from Miles, Queenstand, Australia and characterization of its acid activation products. Appl Clay Sci. 2002;22:189–97.
Jovanovic N, Janackovic J. Pore structure and adsorption properties of an acid-activated bentonite. Appl Clay Sci. 1991;6:59–68.
Vukovic Z, Milutonovic A, Rozic L, Rosic A, Nedic Z, Jovanovic D. The influence of acid treatment on the composition of bentonite. Clays Clay Miner. 2006;54:697–702.
Yezeña H, Jorge B, Abel G, Erika G. Study of the structural modifications in activated clays by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Hyperfine Interact. 2007;175:23–8.
Krishna GB, Susmita SG. Adsorption of Fe(III) from water by natural and acid activated clays: studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions. Adsorption. 2006;12:185–204.
Gonzalez JDL, Deitz VR. Surface changes in an original and activated bentonite. J Res Natl Bur Stand. 1952;48:325–33.
Yıldız N, Çalımlı A. Alteration of three turkish bentonites by treatment with Na2CO3 and H2SO4. Turk J Chem. 2002;26:393–402.
Kumar P, Jasra RV, Bhat TSG. Evaluation of porosity and surface acidity in montmorillonite clay on acid activation. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1995;34:1440–8.
Komadel P, Schmidt D, Madejová J, Èièel B. Alteration of smectites by treatments with hydrochloric acid and sodium. Carbonate solutions. Appl Clay Sci. 1990;5:113–22.
Nguetnkam JP, Kamga R, Villieras E, et al. Assessment of the surface areas of silica and clay in acid-leached clay materials using concepts of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. J Colloid Interf Sci. 2005;287:552–60.
Srasra E, Bergaya F, Van DH, Arguib NK. Surface properties of an activated bentonite. Decolorization of rape-seed oil. Appl Clay Sci. 1989;4:411–21.
Jozefaciuk G, Bowanko G. Effect of acid and alkali treatment on surface areas and adsorption energies of selected minerals. Clays Clay Miner. 2002;50:771–83.
Pradas EG, Sánchez MV, Campo AG. Influence of the physical-chemistry properties of an acid-activated bentonite in the bleaching of olive oil. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 1993;57:213–6.
Kotla GA, Novak I, El-Tawil SZ, El-Barawy KA. Evaluation of bleaching capacity of acid-leached bentonites. J Appl Chem Biotechnol. 1976;26:355–60.
Falaras P, Kovanis L, Lezou F, Seiragakis G. Cotton seed oil bleaching by acid-activated montmorillonite. Clay Miner. 1999;34:221–32.
Francisco R, Valenzuela D, de Pérsio SS. Studies on the acid activation of brazilian smectitic clays. Quim Nova. 2001;24:345–53.
Cho SH, Park JH, Han SS, Kim JN. Comparison of AgNO3/clay and AgNO3/ALSG sorbent for ethylene separation. Adsorption. 2005;11:145–9.
Choundry NV, Kumar P, Bhat TS, Cho SH, Han SS, Kim JN. Adsorption of light hydrocarbon gases on alkene-selective adsorbent. Ind Eng Chem. 2002;41:2728–34.
Saini VK, Pinto M, Pires J. High pressure adsorption studies of ethane and ethylene on clay-based adsorbent materials. Sep Sci Technol. 2011;46:137–46.
Youngjan S (2012) Ethylene adsorption on modified bentonite. Master Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand; Nakhon Ratchasima.
Alver BE, Sakızcı M. Ethylene adsorption on acid-treated clay minerals. Adsorpt Sci Technol. 2012;30:265–73.
Erdoğan Alver B, Alver Ö, Günal A, Dikmen G. Effects of hydrochloric acid treatment on structure characteristics and C2H4 adsorption capacities of Ünye bentonite from Turkey: a combined FT-IR, XRD, XRF, TG/DTA and MAS NMR study. Adsorption. 2016;22:287–96.
Moore DM, Reynolds RC Jr. X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997.
Oades JM. Interaction of polycations of aluminum and iron with clays. Clays Clay Miner. 1984;32:49–57.
Thomas SM, Bertrand JA, Occelli ML, Huggins F, Gould SAC. Microporous montmorillonites expanded with alumina clusters and M [(μ-OH)Cu(μ-OCH2CH2NEt2)]6(ClO4)3, (M = Al, Ga, and Fe), or Cr [(μ-OCH3) (μ-OCH2CH2NEt2)CuCl]3 complexes. Inorg Chem. 1999;38:2098–105.
Menesi J, Kekesi R, Körösi L, Zöllmer V, Richardt A, Dekany I. The effect of transition metal doping on the photooxidation process of titania-clay composites. Int J Photoenergy. 2008;2008:1–9.
Brunauer S, Deming LS, Deming WE, Teller E. On a theory of the van der Waals adsorption of gases. J Am Chem Soc. 1940;62:1723–32.
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW. Adsorption, surface area and porosity. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1982.
Huang FC, Lee JF, Lee CK, Chao HP. Effects of cation exchange on the pore and surface structure and adsorption characteristics of montmorillonite. Colloid Surf A. 2004;239:41–7.
Motshekga SC, Ray SS, Onyango MS, Momba MNB. Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and antibacterialactivity of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles supported bentonite clay. J Hazard Mater. 2013;262:439–46.
Kök MV. Thermogravimetry of selected bentonites. Energy Sources. 2002;24:907–14.
Önal M, Sarıkaya Y. Thermal behavior of a bentonite. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:167–72.
Bayram H, Önal M, Yılmaz H, Sarıkaya Y. Thermal analysis of a white calcium bentonite. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;10:873–9.
Ursu AV, Jinescu G, Gros F, Nistor ID, Miron ND, Lisa G, Silion M, Djelveh G. Thermal and chemical stability of Romanian bentonite. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;106:965–71.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Anadolu University Commission of Scientific Research Project under Grant No. 0414F154. Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Fahri Esenli and Dr. Matthias Thommes for their helpful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erdoğan Alver, B., Günal, A. Thermal, structural and ethylene adsorption properties of Ag-, Cu- and Fe-modified bentonite from Turkey. J Therm Anal Calorim 126, 1533–1540 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5640-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5640-2