Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of hydrochloric acid treatment on structure characteristics and C2H4 adsorption capacities of Ünye bentonite from Turkey: a combined FT-IR, XRD, XRF, TG/DTA and MAS NMR study

  • Published:
Adsorption Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a bentonite sample from Ünye, Turkey was treated with various HCl solutions (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 M) at 90 °C during 3 and 6 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si and 27Al MAS NMR) and surface area measurement methods were employed in order to investigate the structural and thermal changes occurring as a result of the acid activation. The data for the adsorption of C2H4 obtained at 273 K and pressures up to 100 kPa correlated with structural properties of the acid treated bentonite samples. With the increase of both concentration of acid solution and treatment time, the specific surface area values and the retentions of C2H4 gas of bentonite samples increased. Bentonite treated with 5.0 M HCl for 6 h adsorbed C2H4 most effectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baksh, M.S.A., Yang, R.T.: Unique adsorption properties and potential energy profiles of microporous pillared clays. AIChE J. 38, 1357–1368 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benharrats, N., Belbachir, M., Legran, A.P., D’Espinose de le Caillerie, J.B.: 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR study of the zeolization of kaolin by alkali leaching. Clay Miner. 38, 49–61 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brigatti, M.F., Galan, E., Theng, B.K.G.: Structures and minerology of clay minerals. In: Bergaya, F., Theng, B.K.G., Lagaly, G. (eds.) Handbook of Clay Science, Developments in Clay Science, Chap. 2, pp. 19–86. Elsevier (2006)

  • Brown, G.: Crystal structure of clay minerals and related phyllosilicates. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 311, 221–240 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunauer, S., Deming, L.S., Deming, W.E., Teller, E.: On a theory of the van der Waals adsorption of gases. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1723–1732 (1940)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, S.H., Han, S.S., Kim, J.N., Choundry, N.V., Kumar, P., Bhat, T.S.: Adsorbents, method for the preparation and method for the separation of unsaturated hydrocarbons for gas mixtures. US Patent 6315816 (2001)

  • Cho, S.H., Park, J.H., Han, S.S., Kim, J.N.: Comparison of AgNO3/clay and AgNO3/ALSG sorbent for ethylene separation. Adsorption 11, 145–149 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choundry, N.V., Kumar, P., Bhat, T.S., Cho, S.H., Han, S.S., Kim J.N.: Adsorption of light hydrocarbon gases on alkene-selective adsorbent. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41, 2728–2734 (2002)

  • Christidis, G.E., Scott, P.W., Dunham, A.C.: Acid activation and bleaching capacity of bentonites from the islands of Milos and Chios, Aegean, Greece. Appl. Clay Sci. 12, 329–347 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chupas, P.J., Grey, C.P.: Surface modification of fluorinated aluminas: application of solid state NMR spectroscopy to the study of acidity and surface structure. J. Catal. 224, 69–79 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt, G., Michel, D.: High Resolution Solid State NMR of Silicates and Zeolites. Wiley, New York (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdoğan Alver, B.: A comparative adsorption study of C2H4 and SO2 on clinoptilolite-rich tuff: effect of acid treatment. J. Hazard. Mater. 262, 627–633 (2013)

  • Erdoğan Alver, B., Sakızcı, M.: Ethylene adsorption on acid-treated clay minerals. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 30(3), 265–273 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdoğan, B., Sakızcı, M., Yörükoğulları, E.: Characterization and ethylene adsorption of natural and modified clinoptilolites. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254(8), 2450–2457 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eren, E., Afsin, B.: An investigation of Cu(II) adsorption by raw and acid-activated bentonite: a combined potentiometric, thermodynamic. XRD, IR, DTA study, J. Hazard. Mater. 151, 682–691 (2008)

  • Faubion, D., Kader, A.: Evaluation of two new products with claimed ethylene removal capacity. Perishables Handling Newsletter Issue No. 86, 27–28 (1996)

  • Francisco, R., Valenzuela, D.F.R., Persio de Souza, S.: Studies on the acid activation of Brazilian smectitic clays. Quim. Nova, 24, 345–353 (2001)

  • Gates, W.P., Anderson, J.S., Raven, M.D., Churchman, G.J.: Mineralogy of a bentonite from Miles, Queensland, Australia, and characterization of its acid-activation products. Appl. Clay Sci. 20, 189–197 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W.: Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grim, R.E., Güven, N.: Bentonites, Geology, Mineralogy, Properties and Uses: Development in Sedimentology. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Irwin, A.D., Holmgren, J.S., Jonas, J.: 27Al and 29Si NMR study of sol-gel derived aluminosilicates and sodium aluminosilicates. J. Mater. Sci. 23(8), 2908–2912 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Komadel, P., Schmidt, D., Madejová, J., Cicel, B.: Alteration of smectites by treatments with hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate solutions. Appl. Clay Sci. 5, 113–122 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komadel, P., Bujdák, J., Madejová, J., Šucha, V., Elsass, F.: Effect of non-swelling layers on the dissolution of reduced-charged montmorillonite in hydrochloric acid. Clay Miner. 31, 333–345 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P., Jasra, R.V., Bhat, T.S.G.: Evaluation of porosity and surface acidity in montmorillonite clay on acid activation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 1440–1448 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Z., Zhong, S., Grierson, D.: Recent advances in ethylene research. J. Exp. Bot. 60(12), 3311–3336 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Gonzalez, J.D., Deitz, V.R.: Surface changes in an original and activated bentonite. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 48, 325–333 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madejová, J., Bujdákj, J., Janek, M., Komadel, P.: Comparative FT-IR study of structural modifications during acid treatment of dioctahedral smectites and hectorite. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 54, 1397–1406 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui, M.: Film for keeping freshness of vegetables and fruits. U.S. Patent 4847145 (1989)

  • Moore, D.M., Reynolds, Jr., R.C.: X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press, New York (1997)

  • Mueller, D., Hoebbel, D., Gessner, W.: 27Al NMR studies of aluminosilicate solutions. Influences of the second coordination sphere on the shielding of aluminium. Chem. Phys. Lett. 84(1), 25–29 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H.H.: Applied clay mineralogy today and tomorrow. Clay Miner. 34, 39–49 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H.H.: Traditional and new applicationsfor kaolin, smectite and palygorskite: a general overview. Appl. Clay Sci. 17, 207–221 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H.H.: Applied clay Mineralogy. Elsevier (2007)

  • Nguetnkam, J.P., Kamga, R., Villieras, F., Ekodeck, G.E., Razafitianamaharavo, A., Yvon, J.: Assessment of the surface areas of silica and clay in acid-leached clay materials using concepts of adsorption on heterogeneous surface. Colloid. Interface Sci. 289, 104–115 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, I., Cicel, B.: Dissolution of smectites in hydrochloric acid; II Dissolution rate as a function of crystallochemical composition. Clay. Clay Miner. 26, 341–344 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Önal, M., Sarıkaya, Y., Alemdaroğlu, T., Bozdoğan, I.: The effect of acid activation on some physicochemical properties of a bentonite. Turk. J. Chem. 26, 409–416 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saini, V.K., Pinto, M., Pires, J.: High pressure adsorption studies of ethane and ethylene on clay-based adsorbent materials. Sep. Sci. Technol. 46, 137–146 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salveit, M.E.: Effect of ethylene on quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 15, 279–292 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srasra, E., Bergaya, F., van Damme, H., Arguib, N.K.: Surface properties of an activated bentonitedecolorization of rape-seed oil. Appl. Clay Sci. 4, 411–421 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeiren, L., Devlieghere, F., Van Beest, M., de Kruijf, N., Debevere, J.: Developments in the active packaging of foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 10(3), 77–86 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volzone, C., Ortiga, J.: Influence of the exchangeable cations of montmorillonite on gas adsorptions. Process Saf. Environ. 82, 170–174 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vuković, Z., Milutonović, A., Roźić, L., Rosić, A., Nedić, Z., Jovanović, D.: The influence of acid treatment on the composition of bentonite. Clay. Clay Miner. 54, 697–702 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C.I.: Packaging system for preserving perishable items. US7387205 B1 (2008)

  • Youngjan, S.: Ethylene Adsorption on Modified Bentonite. Master Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (2012)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Anadolu University Commission of Scientific Research Project under Grant No.0414F154. Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Fahri Esenli and Dr. Matthias Thommes for their helpful suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Burcu Erdoğan Alver, Özgür Alver & Aytaç Günal

  2. Central Research Laboratory, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Gökhan Dikmen

Authors
  1. Burcu Erdoğan Alver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Özgür Alver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aytaç Günal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gökhan Dikmen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Burcu Erdoğan Alver.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Erdoğan Alver, B., Alver, Ö., Günal, A. et al. Effects of hydrochloric acid treatment on structure characteristics and C2H4 adsorption capacities of Ünye bentonite from Turkey: a combined FT-IR, XRD, XRF, TG/DTA and MAS NMR study. Adsorption 22, 287–296 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9768-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9768-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation