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Eu3+ ions doped Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 spinel ferrite nanocrystals: insights on structural, cation distribution, magnetic properties, and switching field distribution

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Abstract

In the present investigation, the sol–gel auto-combustion process was used to synthesize spinel ferrite nanoparticles Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 with x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. Through the use of various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), and magnetic measurements, the as-prepared ferrite nanoparticles have been examined and characterized. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the presence of a tetragonal spinel structure in the sample (x = 0), and the structure transformed into a cubic spinel with a space group of Fd3m as the Co content was increased. The lattice parameter changed from tetragonal phase with a = 5.820 Å and c = 8.710 Å for x = 0.00 to cubic phase with a = 8.372 Å for x = 1.00. The crystal size increases from 23.45 nm for x = 0.00 to 25.03 for x = 1.00 with increase in the amount of Co2+ content. The cation distribution for Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 spinel ferrites has been estimated. Scanning electron microphotographs (SEM) of the prepared spinel ferrite samples demonstrated well-defined crystalline nanoparticles. The existence of every major element (Co, Cu, Fe, Eu, and O) and no discernible impurities in the samples is confirmed by the EDX analysis. FTIR spectra of Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 committed the formation of the spinel nanoferrites and confirmed the solid-state reaction completion. The values of saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), remnant magnetization (Mr), magnetic moment (μB), squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) and anisotropy constant (K) have been estimated from the magnetic measurements. The (Ms) values increase from 22.561 emu/g for x = 0.00 to 68.794 emu/g for x = 1.00 while the (Hc) values decrease from 1898Oe for x = 0.00–1023 Oe for x = 1.00 with increasing the Co2+ content. The minor Eu+3 doped Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 nanoferrites’s switching field distribution (SFD) evaluations were calculated by considering the first derivative of the demagnetization data.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Sol–gel auto-combustion process was used to synthesize spinel ferrite nanoparticles Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4.

  • XRD spectra confirmed the presence of a tetragonal spinel structure and transformed into a cubic.

  • Cation distribution for Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 spinel ferrites has been estimated.

  • SEM of the prepared spinel ferrite samples revealed well-defined crystalline nanoparticles.

  • The FTIR analysis reveals two noticeable absorption bands denoted υt and υo.

  • Magnetic measurements demonstrated that as the Co+2 concentration increased; (Ms) increased while (Hc) decreased.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, 32511, Egypt

    R. S. Diab, L. M. S. El-Deen, A. A. EL-Hamalawy & A. S. Abouhaswa

  2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt

    L. M. S. El-Deen

  3. Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt

    M. Moustafa

  4. Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia

    A. S. Abouhaswa

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R.S. Diab, A.A. EL-Hamalawy and A.S. Abouhaswa performed all the experimental work (sample preparation and its characterization) and prepared the manuscript. L.M.S. El-Deen and M. Moustafa helped significantly in the explanation and discussion of experimental results and revised the manuscript.

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Diab, R.S., El-Deen, L.M.S., Moustafa, M. et al. Eu3+ ions doped Cu1−xCoxEu0.025Fe1.975O4 spinel ferrite nanocrystals: insights on structural, cation distribution, magnetic properties, and switching field distribution. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06391-z

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