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Synergistic interaction and chemically bonded association between ZIF-8 and C-doped g-C3N4 for enhancement of visible light photocatalytic H2O2 production

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Abstract

g-C3N4 has recently emerged as a promising visible light-driven non-metal, and sustainable-based photocatalyst for various photocatalytic reactions. Nevertheless, intrinsic limitations such as insufficient light-harvesting ability, minimal surface area, and the sluggish photogenerated charge efficiency of the bulk g-C3N4 photocatalyst have hampered its photocatalytic performance, especially in the production of H2O2. Herein, the association between zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and carbon-doped g-C3N4 (CCN)-derived from kapok fiber, as a chemically bonded nanocomposite photocatalyst (ZIF-8/CCN), was successfully constructed via a facile hydrothermal technique. XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses revealed that ZIF-8 and CCN were chemically bonded via π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. The in-situ carbon doping and microtubular structure of CCN derived from kapok fiber have significantly improved the chemically bonded nanocomposite photocatalyst’s charge separation and photon absorption abilities. The designated chemically bonded ZIF-8/CCN nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibits outstanding photocatalytic H2O2 production due to the synergistic effect of carbon dopant, unique morphology, together with a large surface area, and chemically mediated excellent charge separation of ZIF-8/CCN. The findings of this study will offer a more efficient nanoarchitecture for g-C3N4 photocatalysts based on morphology modulation, in-situ carbon doping, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) association for solar fuel production.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • Excellent light harvesting and efficient charge separation by in-situ C doping.

  • Chemically-bonded ZIF-8/CCN photocatalyst for efficient charge transfer.

  • Enhanced H2O2 generation via a nanocomposite of the high surface area of ZIF-8 and C-doping in CCN.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to acknowledge the Centre for Research and Instrumentation (CRIM), UKM, and Faculty of Engineering of Gifu University, Japan, for providing technical and management support. The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) for their financial support under the Dana Impak Perdana research grant (DIP-2020-011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemicals Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nurul Atikah Nordin, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed, Nur Shamimie Nadzwin Hasnan & Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff

  2. Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed

  3. School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Sufri Mastuli

  4. Department of Environmental and Renewable Energy Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gifu, 501-1193, Gifu, Yanagido, Japan

    Takashi Sugiura & Kazuhiro Manseki

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  1. Nurul Atikah Nordin
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  2. Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed
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Contributions

NAN wrote the original manuscript, prepared the methodology, conducted the experiment, and provided the visualization. MAM: conceptualization, supervision, project administration, funding, writing review, and editing. NSNH prepared the methodology and conducted the experiment. SFMY, MSM, TS, and KM: co-supervision, validation, review, and editing. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed.

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Nordin, N.A., Mohamed, M.A., Hasnan, N.S.N. et al. Synergistic interaction and chemically bonded association between ZIF-8 and C-doped g-C3N4 for enhancement of visible light photocatalytic H2O2 production. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06331-x

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