Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

MWCNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles assembled into silane sol-gel ceramic multi-layer coating to improve surface performance of the magnesium alloy

  • Original Paper: Functional coatings, thin films and membranes (including deposition techniques)
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper reports the successful deposition of mono- and double-layer coatings of silane-Al2O3/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites on magnesium alloy (AZ91) by sol-gel dip coating technique to improve the corrosion behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were utilized to assess the protective performance of the coatings with various MWCNT contents (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 wt.%) and constant Al2O3 concentration (2 wt.%). The incorporation of an optimal amount of MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%) into the mono-layer coating led to corrosion resistance with polarization resistance and roughness of 183.4 kΩcm2 and 23.97 nm, respectively. In the case of the double-layer coatings, 0.15 wt.% MWCNT was the optimal value as it significantly increased the polarization resistance (349.6 kΩcm2) and reduced the roughness (5.58 nm), and cracking. The mentioned coating system can be a promising candidate to protect AZ91 magnesium alloy against corrosion.

Graphical Abstract

Image (a) shows the cross-sectional FE-SEM micrograph of the double-layer coating at the magnification of 1000×. Image (b) depicts a region zoomed in image (a) with magnification of 10000×. Image (c) illustrates a coating surface as a zoom in image of (b) with magnification of 25000×.

Highlights

  • Using the 0.1 wt.% MWCNTs into monolayer coating led to improve corrosion behavior.

  • Using the 0.15 wt.% MWCNTs into double-layer coating improved the corrosion conduct.

  • Roughness of the double-layer coatings was reduced by increasing the MWCNTs.

  • Roughness of the mono-layer coatings raised up to 0.1 wt.% followed by a decrement.

  • Double layer coating containing 0.15 wt.% MWCNTs could be more protective system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rajabalizadeh Z, Seifzadeh D, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Mesri Gundoshmian T, Nezamdoust S (2018) Electrochemical noise analysis to examine the corrosion behavior of Ni−P deposit on AM60B alloy plated by Zr pretreatment. Surf. Coat. Tech. 346:29–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Xian W, Linxin L, Xie Z-H, Yu G (2018) Duplex coating combining layered double hydroxide and 8-quinolinol layers on Mg Alloy for corrosion protection. Electrochim. Acta 283:1845–1857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ai-hui LIU, Ji-lin XU (2018) Preparation and corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy. T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 28:2287–2293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ashraf MA, Liu ZH, Peng WX, Yoysefi N (2019) Amino acid and TiO2 nanoparticles mixture inserted into sol-gel coatings: an efficient corrosion protection system for AZ91 magnesium alloy. Prog. Org. Coat. 136:105296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ashassi-Sorkhabi H, Moradi-Alavian S, Esrafili MD, Kazempour A (2019) Hybrid sol- gel coatings based on silanes-amino acids for corrosion protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy: electrochemical and DFT insights. Prog. Org. Coat. 131:191–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nezamdoust S, Seifzadeh D, Habibi-Yangjeh A (2020) Nanodiamond incorporated sol- gel coating for corrosion protection of magnesium alloy. T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc. 30:1535–1549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Talha M, Wang Q, Ma Y, Lin Y (2023) Self-assembled hybrid silane/ZnO coatings for corrosion protection of resorbable magnesium alloy. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 120:103281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pereira GS, Ramirez OMP, Avila PRT, Avila JA, Pinto HC, Miyazaki MH, de Melo HG, Filho WWB (2022) Cerium conversion coating and sol-gel coating for corrosion protection of the WE43 Mg alloy. Corr. Sci. 206:110527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Khosravi H S, Veerapandiyan VK, Vallant R, Reichmann K (2020) Effect of processing conditions on the structural properties and corrosion behavior of TiO2- SiO2 multilayer coatings derived via the sol-gel method. Ceram. Int. 46:17741–17751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mohammadi I, Shahrabi T, Mahdavian M, Izadi M (2022) A novel corrosion inhibitive system comprising Zn-Al LDH and hybrid sol-gel silane nanocomposite coating for AA2024-T3. J. Alloy Compd. 909:164755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Balaji J, Roh SH, Edison TNJI, Jung HY, Sethuraman MG (2020) Sol-gel based hybrid silane coating for enhanced corrosion protection of copper in aqueous sodium chloride. J. Mol. Liq. 302:112551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Liang Y, Liu B, Zhang B, Liu ZH, Liu W (2021) Effects and mechanism of filler surface coating strategy on thermal conductivity of composites: A case study on epoxy/SiO2-coated BN composites. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 164:120533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Poelman M, Fedel M, Motte C, Lahema D, Th. Urios, Paint Y, Deflorian F, Olivier MG (2015) Influence of formulation and application parameters on the performances of a sol-gel/clay nanocomposite on the corrosion resistance of hot- dip galvanized steel. Part I. Study of the sol preparation parameters. Surf. Coat. Tech. 274:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ansari F, Naderi R, Dehghanian C (2015) Study on the protective function of cloisite incorporated silane sol-gel coatings cured at different conditions. Appl. Clay Sci. 114:93–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Both J, Szabo G, Katona G, Muresan LM (2022) Tannic acid reinforced sol-gel silica coatings for corrosion protection of zinc substrates. Mat. Chem. Phys. 282:125912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shi Y, Yuan SH, Ter-Ovanessian B, Hermange K, Huo Y, Normand B (2021) Enhancing the barrier effect of sol-gel derived inorganic coating by doping h-BN nanosheet. Appl. Surf. Sci. 544:148849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yang M, Wang T, Wu M (2021) Ablation behavior of SiC whisker and ZrB2 particle- filled ZrO2 sol-gel composite coating under high-intensity continuous laser irradiation. Ceram. Int. 47:26327–26334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fernandez-Hernan JP, Torres B, Lopez AJ, Martinez-Campos E, Rams J (2021) Sol- gel coatings doped with graphene nanoplatelets for improving the degradation rate and the cytocompatibility of AZ31 alloy for biomedical applications. Surf. Coat. Tech. 426:127745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Seifzadeh D, Golmoghani-Ebrahimi E (2012) Formation of novel and crack free nanocomposites based on sol gel process for corrosion protection of copper. Surf. Coat. Tech. 210:103–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Suleiman RK, Kumar AM, Rahman MM, Al-Badour FA, Meliani MH, Saleh TA (2020) Effect of metal oxide additives on the structural and barrier properties of a hybrid organosilicon sol-gel coating in 3.5% NaCl medium. Prog. Org. Coat. 148:105825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu Y, Lin Q, Chen J, Shao Y, Wang Y, Wang J (2022) PDMS-OH and nano- SiO2 Modified KH570-TEOS silica-sol coating and protective effect on concrete. Colloid Surface A 648:129279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Parhizkar N, Ramezanzadeh B, Shahrabi T (2018) Corrosion protection and adhesion properties of the epoxy coating applied on the steel substrate pre-treated by a sol- gel based silane coating filled with amino and isocyanate silane functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets. Appl. Surf. Sci. 439:45–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu Y, Cao H, Yu Y, Chen SH (2015) Corrosion protection of silane coatings modified by carbon nanotubes on stainless steel. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 10:3497–3509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Karbasi M, Yazdian N, Vahidian A (2012) Development of electro-co-deposited Ni- TiC nano-particle reinforced nanocomposite coatings. Surf. Coat. Tech. 207:587–593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Jiang L, Han M, Sun J, Gong M, Lin Y, Xiao T, Xiang P, Chen W, Tan X (2023) Strong mechanical and durable superhydrophobic photothermal MWCNTs/SiO2/PDMS/PVDF composite coating for anti-icing and de-icing. Prog. Org. Coat. 174:107282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Song R, Zhang SH, He Y, Li H, Fan Y, He T, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Zhang H (2021) Effect of H-MWCNTs addition on anti-corrosion performance and mechanical character of Ni-Cu/H-MWCNTs composite coatings prepared by pulse electrodeposition technique. Colloid Surface A 630:127519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wei J, Sun L, Han J, Huang W (2022) MWCNTs/CB waterborne conductive smart coating for damage monitoring of composites: Design, fabrication, characterization, and verification. Prog. Org. Coat. 172:107136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nezamdoust S, Seifzadeh D, Rajabalizadeh Z (2018) PTMS/OH-MWCNT sol-gel nanocomposite for corrosion protection of magnesium alloy. Surf. Coat. Tech. 335:228–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lopez AJ, Urena A, Rams J (2010) Fabrication of novel sol-gel silica coatings reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mater. Lett. 64:924–927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Fernandez-Hernan JP, Lopez AJ, Torres B, Rams J (2020) Silicon oxide multilayer coatings doped with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets for corrosion protection of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Prog. Org. Coat. 148:105836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Daavari M, Atapour M, Mohedano M, Sanchez HM, Rodriguez-Hernandez J, Matykina E, Arrabal R, Taherizadeh A (2022) Quasi-in vivo corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy with hybrid MWCNTs-PEO/PCL based coatings. J. Magnes. Alloy 10:3217–3233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jia J, Zhang B, Liu D, Liu SH, Ji G, Ji R (2020) Effects of Al2O3 coating induced structural and mechanical changes of C/C composites. J. Alloy compd. 818:152847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mohammadi I, Shahrabi T, Mahdavian M, Izadi M (2021) Zn-Al layered double hydroxide as an inhibitive conversion coating developed on AA2024-T3 by one- step hydrothermal crystallization: Crystal structure evolution and corrosion protection performance. Surf. Coat. Tech. 409:126882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nallamuthu N, Prakash I, Venkateswarlu M, Balasubramanyam S, Satyanarayana N (2008) Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of Li2O-As2O5-SiO2 glassy System, Mat. Chem. Phys. 111:24–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tran ThN, Pham ThVA, Le MLPh, Nguyen ThPhTh, Tran VM (2013) Synthesis of amorphous silica and sulfonic acid functionalized silica used as reinforced phase for polymer electrolyte memberane. Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol 4:045007

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Boulesbaa M (2021) Spectroscopic ellipsometry and FTIR characterization of annealed SiOxNy:H films prepared by PECVD. Opt. Mater. 122:111693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kazancioglu M, Tsilomelekis G, Lehman R, Hara M (2021) FTIR studies on plasticization of silicate glass with ionic liquids (conversion to silicate polymers). J. Non-Cryst. Solids 561:120757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Djebaili K, Mekhalif Z, Boumaza A, Djelloul A (2015) XPS, FTIR, EDX, and XRD analysis of Al2O3 scales grown on PM2000 alloy. J. Spectrosc. 2015:868109

    Google Scholar 

  39. Li Y, Xu C, Wei B, Zhang X, Zheng M, Wu D, Ajayan PM (2002) Self-organized ribbons of aligned carbon nanotubes. Chem. Mater. 14:483–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Afghahi SSS, Peymanfar R, Javanshir SH, Atassi Y, Jafarian M (2017) Synthesis, characterization and microwave characteristics of ternary nanocomposite of MWCNTs/doped Sr-hexaferrite/PANI. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 423:152–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran

    Maede Sadat Koozegari & Mohammad Reza Tohidifar

Authors
  1. Maede Sadat Koozegari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Reza Tohidifar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Tohidifar.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Koozegari, M.S., Tohidifar, M.R. MWCNTs and Al2O3 nanoparticles assembled into silane sol-gel ceramic multi-layer coating to improve surface performance of the magnesium alloy. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 107, 569–585 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06181-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06181-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation