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Pretreatment of carbon steel with silane film modified with a mixture of garlic and cocoa

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials with surface modification for applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

In the recent years, many studies have been conducted to improve the properties of hybrid silane films, obtained by the sol-gel route, modified with corrosion inhibitors to improve the anti-corrosion properties. The inhibitors obtained from nature (green inhibitors) replace synthetic inhibitors and even rare earth elements (harmful to the environment). Within this approach, this work aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the modified TEOS/GPTMS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate/3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) hybrid film with the mixture of the garlic peel and cocoa shell powders as a pre-treatment of SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) 1008 carbon steel, in which were added different proportions (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) of these mixtures powders, the best mixture ratio was Garlic 1:2 Cocoa. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance and Tafel polarization curves, in 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl solution. In addition to the scanning vibrating electrode technique, in 0.01 mol L−1 NaCl solution. Film morphology and elements analyses were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The chemical characterization of the film was obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical properties were analyzed by the techniques of contact angle, roughness profile and dry layer thickness. The results of the different techniques indicate that the film modified with the mixture of natural inhibitors has improved anti-corrosive properties compared to the film without natural green inhibitors.

Graphical Abstract

The first image entitled “Garlic peel powder (Allium sativum L.) and Cocoa shell powder (Theobroma Cacao)” shows garlic peel powder (Allium sativum L.) and cocoa shell powder (Theobroma Cacao), both natural inhibitors used in the research, below this first image called “Clean Sample”, is SAE 1008 carbon steel after cleaning the metal surface. The image called “Film solution TEOS/GPTMS with Garlic and Cocoa” is an example of how carbon steel was immersed in the TEOS/GPTMS solution with the inhibitors mixed in different proportions. The image called “Coated steel after curing in a preheater” shows an example of how the sample looked after being cured in a preheated oven, after which they were ready to be evaluated by different techniques. The “Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)” image shows the results of FTIR analysis on the samples. In the image “Scanning electron vibrating technique (SVET)”, it shows the results of the SVET analyzes on the samples. The “Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)” image shows the results of EIS analyzes on samples. The image “Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)” shows the results of SEM/EDS analysis on the samples.

Highlights

  • Sol–gel route modified with inhibitors to improve anticorrosion performance.

  • EIS diagrams proved that the green inhibitors increase the film resistance.

  • Tafel curves showed inhibitors-silane film presented higher corrosion potential.

  • The film modified with mixture of natural inhibitor has anticorrosive properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge to CNPq scholarship – Brazil [National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (grant number: 140187-2017-0)], to CNPq (Process number: 428512/2018-6), to FAPESB (PET0015/2016) and to PROPP/UESC (Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduation at State University of Santa Cruz) for the financial support; to Usiminas S.A. by the SAE 1008 carbon steel; to Klintex Industrial Resources by the alkaline degreaser; to Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Polytechnique School of the University of São Paulo (LEC/DEQ/Poli-USP, SP, BR) by the scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis, contact angle and roughness measurements and Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique(SVET) analysis; to BIOMA (Bioenergy and Environment) for FTIR analysis and to the Environmental and Materials Laboratory and the State University of Santa Cruz (LAMMA/UESC, BA, BR) by the support, inputs, and equipment that made this work possible.

Author contributions

The authors’ contributions are as follows: SLBSS: Formal analysis, investigation, methodology, roles/writing – original draft. BPdS: Formal analysis, investigation, roles/writing- review & editing. MST: Formal analysis, investigation, roles/writing- review & editing. FGdF: Conceptualization, supervision. IVA: Roles/writing- review & editing. VRC: Project administration, supervision, funding acquisition, roles/writing – review & editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science and Technology Department, Science, Innovation and Modeling Post-Graduate Program, State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

    Sérgio Leonardo Butski Soares Santos, Miriam Sanae Tokumoto, Fernanda Gabriel de Freitas & Vera Rosa Capelossi

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3 no 380, 05508-010, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Brunela Pereira da Silva & Idalina Vieira Aoki

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Brunela Pereira da Silva

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  1. Sérgio Leonardo Butski Soares Santos
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  2. Brunela Pereira da Silva
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  3. Miriam Sanae Tokumoto
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  4. Fernanda Gabriel de Freitas
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  5. Idalina Vieira Aoki
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  6. Vera Rosa Capelossi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vera Rosa Capelossi.

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I, SLBSS, author responsible for the manuscript entitled “Pretreatment of carbon steel with silane film modified with a mixture of garlic and cocoa” and all the co-authors presented here, declare that we do not have any conflict of interest of a personal, commercial, academic, political, and financial in the manuscript. We also declare that all information that could lead to a conflict of interest has already been requested and manifested during the submission process of the aforementioned manuscript.

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Santos, S.L.B.S., da Silva, B.P., Tokumoto, M.S. et al. Pretreatment of carbon steel with silane film modified with a mixture of garlic and cocoa. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 107, 771–782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06154-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06154-2

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