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Recent studies on sol–gel based corrosion protection of Cu—A review

  • Review Paper: Sol–gel, hybrids and solution chemistries
  • Published:
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Abstract

This review discusses various sol–gel coatings for the corrosion protection of Cu. It is used in various industries, including automotive, electronics, oil/gas, and thermal–power plants, owing to its electrical/thermal conductivity, and mechanical ductility. However, Cu undergoes severe corrosion in aggressive chloride environments, causing considerable industrial losses. Sol–gel coatings for Cu metal protection are a preferred to other types of metallic coatings, because they are cost effectiveness, simple preparation methodology and eco-friendly. Sol–gel coatings compromise a produce an adhesive and compact layer that adheres to the metal surface and acts as a barrier, preventing the diffusion of aggressive Cl ions into the Cu metal and impeding corrosion. The synthesis, morphological studies, and corrosion protection methods of some advanced sol–gel based hybrid protective coatings are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the corrosion protection ability of these sol–gel coatings and their future development prospects are addressed.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

  • Sol–gel coatings is a very effective method for Cu protection especially in aggressive corrosive media.

  • Sol–gel coatings generate an adhesive layer and acted as a barrier between the Cu and corrosive species.

  • Sol–gel coatings possess several mode of synthesis accordingly with the metal specimen and its surroundings.

  • Sol–gel coatings exhibit an exceptional corrosion inhibitive potential that has been well proven via standard corrosion measurement techniques.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 3: Schematic representation of coating of BTA and epoxy group of ESol.
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Fig. 5: Schematic mechanism of sol–gel coating of MFS coating over Cu.
Fig. 6: Schematic representation of hybrid coatings over Cu.
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Fig. 15: Synthetic route for graphene nanocomposite/hybrid/thiol-based sol–gel coatings.
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Fig. 17: Schematic representation of sol–gel coating.
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Fig. 26: SEM and AFM images of the f-GNs nanocomposite coatings.
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Abbreviations

GPTMS:

glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane;

BTMSE:

bis (trimethoxysilyl)ethane;

MPTMS:

(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane;

TAVS:

triacetoxyvinylsilane;

HMDS:

hexamethyldisilozane;

MTES:

methyltriethoxysilane;

PTMS:

phenyltrimethoxysilane;

BTA:

benzotriazole;

MPES:

3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane;

TEOS:

tetraethylorthosilicate;

TSC:

thiosemicarbazide;

TPS:

3-tri-methoxysilyl-1-propanethiol;

APTES:

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES);

LA:

lauric acid;

AMTa:

3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole;

TAT:

1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol;

ATP:

4-aminothiophenol;

GPTMS:

3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane;

(Al(OsBu)3):

aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide;

GF70:

(3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane;

Si69:

bis -[3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl]tetrasulfide;

FAS:

fluoroalkylsilane;

EAcAc:

ethyl acetoacetate;

FAS:

fluoroalkylsilane;

TBT:

tetra-n-butyl titanate;

TU:

thiourea;

SU:

sucrose;

f-GNs:

functional graphene nanoplates;

DCC:

dicyclohexylcarbodiimide;

DMAP:

4-dimethylaminopyridine;

MATMS:

3-mercapto propyltrimethoxysilane;

GO:

graphene oxide;

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy,

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy;

AFM:

atomic force microscopy;

EIS:

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy;

PDS:

potentiodynamic polarization.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1A2C1004283) and the authors thank the Core Research Support Center for Natural Products and Medical Materials (CRCNM) in Yeungnam University.

Author contribution

JB: Conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing- original draft, preparation, software, validation. PBR: Visualization, editing. THO: Reviewing, supervision. MGS: Supervision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea

    J. Balaji & T. H. Oh

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    P. Bothi Raja

  3. Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. G. Sethuraman

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Balaji, J., Raja, P.B., Sethuraman, M.G. et al. Recent studies on sol–gel based corrosion protection of Cu—A review. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 103, 12–38 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05818-9

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