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Characterization and electrochemical behavior of Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anodes prepared by sol–gel process

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for catalytic, photoelectrochemical and sensor applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

The present study focused on the morphology and electrochemical properties of Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anodes prepared by sol–gel process, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiostatic polarization, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and accelerated corrosion test (ACT). The findings showed that the morphology of all the coatings is a cracked-mud morphology after heat treatment, including cracks with different widths between 100 nm and 1 μm. The results of phase analysis of the anode surfaces indicated a better coverage of substrate by Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anode with a molar ratio of 60:25:5:10 as compared to two other anodes with molar ratios of 60:25:10:5 and 60:20:5:15. It was also found that Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anode with a molar ratio of 60:25:5:10 exhibits a longer lifetime (543 min) and better electrocatalytic property, as it tends to enhance the chlorine gas evolution so that the reaction occurs at a lower potential with a lower slope. EDX analysis of this anode surface showed a less reduction in the content of active elements (Ru, Ir, and Sn) after ACT than anodes 1 and 3, to about 59%, 82%, and 75% of the original, respectively.

Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anodes were prepared by sol–gel process

The microstructure of all coatings exhibits a cracked-mud morphology

TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 coating (molar ratio 60:25:5:10) offered enhanced lifetime and electrocatalytic property of anode

The lifetime and stability of the anode with a molar ratio of 60:25:5:10 are higher than other anodes

Highlights

  • TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 coatings were prepared on Ti substrate by sol–gel process.

  • Results revealed heat treatment temperature independent of the coating composition.

  • The morphology of all coatings exhibited a cracked-mud morphology.

  • TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 coating (molar ratio 60:25:5:10) offered enhanced electrocatalytic property.

  • The activity of anodes decreases due to the oxidation and dissolution of their active components.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Iman Pouladvand, Shahin Khameneh Asl & Mohammad Rezvani

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry, Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Mir Ghasem Hoseini

  3. Engineering Faculty, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Mir Ghasem Hoseini

Authors
  1. Iman Pouladvand
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  2. Shahin Khameneh Asl
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Correspondence to Shahin Khameneh Asl.

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Pouladvand, I., Asl, S.K., Hoseini, M.G. et al. Characterization and electrochemical behavior of Ti/TiO2–RuO2–IrO2–SnO2 anodes prepared by sol–gel process. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 89, 553–561 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4887-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4887-4

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