Abstract
Polystyrene latexes where the stabilizing moiety originated from I) the inistab (initiator + stabilizer), 4,4'- Azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA), II) acrylic acid (AA) (in situ copolymerized) or/and III) previously synthesized poly(acrylic acid)-block-polystyrene (PAA-b-PS) were prepared via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP). This attitude of incorporating the sodium carboxilate groups (COO−Na+) as negatively charged stabilizing moieties in different materials yield quite different nucleation mechanism. Therefore, the different particle size would be expected. The average size of latex particles were ranged from 1.3 micron to 50 nm. Using ACPA as the only stabilizer produced latexes that were ranged from 200 nm to 1.3 micron. In contrast, when the stabilizing moieties originated from PAA-b-PS, the latexes exhibited the size below the 100 nm. By combining the use of both in situ polymerized ACPA inistab, AA monomer with/without PAA-b-PS, we were able to produce latexes with tunable polystyrene particle sizes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abd El-Wahab H, Attia M, Hassan WA, Nasser AM (2019) Int J Nanopart Nanotechnol 5:2
Ouzas A, Niinivaara E, Cranston ED, Dubé MA (2019) Polym Compos 40:1365
Eren M, Can HK (2019) Prog Org Coatings 135:424
Roulstone BJ, Wilkinson MC, Hearn J (1992) Polym Int 27:43
Zhao CL, Holl Y, Pith T, Lambla M (1987) Colloid Polym Sci 265:823
Odian G (2004) Principles of Polymerization, Fourth. John Wiley & Sons
Zhou J, Yao H, Ma J (2018) Polym Chem 9:2532
Truong NP, Quinn JF, Anastasaki A, Rolland M, Vu MN, Haddleton DM, Whittaker MR, Davis TP (2017) Polym Chem 8:1353
Qiao Z, Qiu T, Liu W, Zhang L, Tu J, Guo L, Li X (2017) Polym Chem 8:3013
Krstina J, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Winzor CL, Berge CT, Fryd M (1995) Macromolecules 28:5381
Corrigan N, Jung K, Moad G, Hawker CJ, Matyjaszewski K, Boyer C (2020) Prog Polym Sci 111:101311
Zetterlund PB, Thickett SC, Perrier S, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M (2015) Chem Rev 115:9745
Shirin-Abadi AR, Darabi A, Jessop PG, Cunningham MF (2015) Polymer (Guildf) 60:1
George S, Champagne-Hartley R, Deeter G, Campbell D, Reck B, Urban D, Cunningham M (2015) Macromolecules 48:8913
French DM (1958) J Polym Sci 32:395
Feng H, Lu X, Wang W, Kang NG, Mays JW (2017) Polymers 9:494
Chern CS (2006) Prog Polym Sci 31:443
Telford AM, Pham BTT, Neto C, Hawkett BSJ (2013) Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 51:3997
Liu B, Zhang M, Liu Y, Tan Z, Zhou C (2015) J Macromol Sci 52:147
Dobrowolska ME (2013) The Stabilizer-Free Emulsion Polymerization (Advisor: Ger Koper, Jan H van Esch) Thesis for: Doctor of Philosophy The Stabilizer-Free Emulsion Polymerization
Lichti G, Gilbert RG, Napper DHJ (1983) Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 21:269
Feeney PJ, Napper DH, Gilbert RG (1984) Macromolecules 17:2520
Feeney PJ, Gilbert RG, Napper DH (1985) J Colloid Interface Sci 107:159
Lai JT, Filla D, Shea R (2002) Macromolecules 35:6754
Shirin-Abadi AR, Zafarghandi M (2020) Polymer (Guildf) 190:122215
Kühnel E, Laffan DDP, Lloyd-Jones GC, Martínez del Campo T, Shepperson IR, Slaughter JL (2007) Angew Chemie Int Ed 46:7075
Dire C, Charleux B, Magnet S, Couvreur L (1897) Macromolecules 2007:40
Yao L, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Yuan YC (2011) J Mater Chem 21:9060
Wang B, Wang Y-P, Zhou P, Liu Z-Q, Luo S-Z, Chu W, Guo Z (2017) Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 514:168
Xu J, He J, Fan D, Wang X, Yang Y (2006) Macromolecules 39:8616
Sağlık BN, Özkay Y, Demir Özkay Ü, Karaca Gençer H (2014) J Chem 13:2014
Ji J, Yan L, Xie DJ (2008) Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46:3098
Etmimi HM, Tonge MP, Sanderson RDJ (2011) Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 49:1621
Song Z, Poehlein GW (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci 128:486
Song Z, Poehlein GW (1989) J Colloid Interface Sci 128:501
Yamamoto T, Fukushima T, Kanda Y, Higashitani K (2005) J Colloid Interface Sci 292:392
Yamamoto T, Nakayama M, Kanda Y, Higashitani K (2006) J Colloid Interface Sci 297:112
Darabi A, Rezaee Shirin-Abadi A, Avar S, Cunningham MFJ (2018) Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 56:2376
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ramezanpour, M., Nikzad, E. & Rezaee Shirin-Abadi, A. Making particle size library of polystyrene latexes prepared through surfactant-free emulsion polymerization: from nano to micronsize. J Polym Res 30, 208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03582-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03582-0