Abstract
Carbohydrates are valuable and safe sources for the synthesis of biopolymers. Today, synthetic polymers having saccharides as pedant groups are one of the great interests in biochemistry and the medicinal field. In this work, with the aim of preparing the new glyco-copolymer, firstly isopropylidene derivative of α-D-glucofuranose was synthesized from the reaction of acetone with the glucose in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst. Then the obtained compound separately reacted with acryloyl chloride and ρ-(chloromethyl)styrene monomers to produce related vinylic type glycomonomers. The synthesized glycomonomers were purified using column chromatography. Characterization of the synthesized vinylic glycomonomers was carried out using elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. In the next step, the obtained glycomonomers were copolymerized in 1:1 ratio via a fast and easy free radical polymerization technique. The obtained copolymer showed good solubility in various solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and some of the other organic solvents. Finally, water-soluble glyco-copolymer was obtained via partial hydrolysis. The structure of the isolated copolymers determined using the 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and FT-IR spectroscopy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ting SRS, Chen G, Stenzel MH (2010) Synthesis of glycopolymers and their multivalent recognitions with lectins. Polym Chem 1(9):1392–1412
Adharis A, Vesper D, Koning N, Loos K (2018) Synthesis of (meth)acrylamide-based glycomonomers using renewable resources and their polymerization in aqueous systems. Green Chem 20(2):476–484
Toomari Y, Namazi H, Akbar EA (2015) Synthesis of the dendritic type β-cyclodextrin on primary face via click reaction applicable as drug nanocarrier. Carbohydr Polym 132:205–213
Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H (2018) β-Cyclodextrin grafted magnetic graphene oxide applicable as cancer drug delivery agent: synthesis and characterization. Mater Chem Phys 218:62–69
Kubota T, de Araújo MVG, Vieira JVF, da Silva TA, Ramos LP, Zawadzki SF (2012) Synthesis of new carbohydrate-based polyurethanes and their application in the purification of methyl esters (biodiesel). J Polym Res 20(1):48
Hu Z, Fan X, Wang J, Zhao S, Han X (2010) A facile synthesis of hydrophilic glycopolymers with the ether linkages throughout the main chains. J Polym Res 17(6):815–820
Namazi H, Belali S (2016) Starch-g-lactic acid/montmorillonite nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and controlled drug release study. Starch - Stärke 68(3–4):177–187
Dai Z, Wan L, Xu Z (2008) Surface glycosylation of polymeric membranes. Science in China Series B: Chemistry 51(10):901–910
Kabiri R, Namazi H (2014) Surface grafting of reduced graphene oxide using nanocrystalline cellulose via click reaction. J Nanopart Res 16(7):2474
Farhoudian S, Yadollahi M, Namazi H (2016) Facile synthesis of antibacterial chitosan/CuO bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads. Int J Biol Macromol 82:837–843
Javanbakht S, Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H (2019) Green one-pot synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose/Zn-based metal-organic framework/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite as a nanocarrier for drug delivery system. Carbohydr Polym 208:294–301
Namazi H, Salimi F (2011) Synthesis and polymerization of vinyl saccharides" as Glycomonomers" bearing 2, 3: 5, 6-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranose. Iran Polym J 20(1):77–86
Ladmiral V, Melia E, Haddleton DM (2004) Synthetic glycopolymers: an overview. Eur Polym J 40(3):431–449
Loykulnant S, Yamashiro M, Hirao A (2001) Protection and polymerization of functional monomers, 31. Living anionic polymerization of styrene derivatives m, m′-Disubstituted with Acetal-protected monosaccharide residues. Macromol Chem Phys 202(9):1791–1798
Namazi H, Sharifzadeh R (2005) Regioselective synthesis of vinylic derivatives of common monosccarides through their activated stannylene acetal intermediates. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 10(7):772–782
Grindley TB, Namazi H (1996) The regioselective synthesis of non-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 37(7):991–994
Cerrada ML, Sánchez-Chaves M, Ruiz C, Fernández-García M (2008) Glycopolymers resultant from ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymers: degradation and rheological behavior in bulk. Eur Polym J 44(7):2194–2201
Namazi H, Heydari A (2014) Synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-based dendrimer as a novel encapsulation agent. Polym Int 63(8):1447–1455
Namazi H, Heydari A, Pourfarzolla A (2014) Synthesis of Glycoconjugated polymer based on polystyrene and Nanoporous β-Cyclodextrin to remove copper (II) from water pollution. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater 63(1):1–6
Namazi H, Toomari Hamrahloo Y (2011) Novel PH sensitive Nanocarrier agents based on citric acid Dendrimers containing conjugated β-Cyclodextrins. Adv Pharm Bull 1(1):40–47
Stokke DD, Gardner DJ (2003) Fundamental aspects of wood as a component of thermoplastic composites. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9(2):96–104
Mazăre M, Pană A, Ştefan L, Silion M, Bălan M, Bandur G, Rusnac L (2012) Novel D-glucose based Glycomonomers synthesis and characterization. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering 6(8):749–752
Rodríguez-Hernández J, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Ibarboure E, Bordegé V, Fernández-García M Honeycomb structured porous interfaces as templates for protein adhesion. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2010) vol 1. IOP Publishing, p 012002
Zhang J, Zografi G (2001) Water vapor absorption into amorphous sucrose-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and trehalose–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) mixtures. J Pharm Sci 90(9):1375–1385
Rezanejade Bardajee G, Pourjavadi A, Soleyman R, Sheikh N (2010) Gamma irradiation mediated synthesis of a new superabsorbent hydrogel network based on poly(acrylic acid) grafted onto salep. J Iran Chem Soc 7(3):652–662
Appelhans D, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Janaszewska A, Lazniewska J, Voit B (2015) Dendritic glycopolymers based on dendritic polyamine scaffolds: view on their synthetic approaches, characteristics and potential for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 44(12):3968–3996
Namazi H, Jafarirad S (2010) Hybrid organic/inorganic dendritic triblock copolymers: synthesis, nanostructure characterization, and micellar behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 117(2):1085–1094
Bernard J, Hao X, Davis TP, Barner-Kowollik C, Stenzel MH (2006) Synthesis of various Glycopolymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: from block copolymers to stars. Biomacromolecules 7(1):232–238
Namazi H (2017) Polymers in our daily life. BioImpacts : BI 7(2):73–74
Li Z-C, Liang Y-Z, Chen G-Q, Li F-M (2000) Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers with well-defined glycopolymer segment by atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 21(7):375–380
Sánchez-Chaves M, Ruiz C, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M (2008) Novel glycopolymers containing aminosaccharide pendant groups by chemical modification of ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymers. Polymer 49(12):2801–2807
Braun D (2005) Controlled free-radical polymerization of vinyl chloride. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 11(3):86–90
Semsarzadeh MA, Amiri S (2013) Synthesis and characterization of PSt-b-PVAc diblock copolymers via combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. J Polym Res 20(5):139
Pooresmaeil M, Mansoori Y, Mirzaeinejad M, Khodayari A (2018) Efficient removal of methylene blue by novel magnetic hydrogel Nanocomposites of poly(acrylic acid). Adv Polym Technol 37(1):262–274
Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H (2018) Surface modification of graphene oxide with stimuli-responsive polymer brush containing β-cyclodextrin as a pendant group: preparation, characterization, and evaluation as controlled drug delivery agent. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 172:17–25
Matin MM, Bhuiyan MMH, Azad AKMS, Rashid MHO (2015) Synthesis of 6-O-Stearoyl-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-[alpha]-D-glucofuranose derivatives for antimicrobial evaluation. J Phys Sci 26(1):1
McGinnis G, Fang P (1977) The separation of substituted carbohydrates by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 130:181–187
De Jongh DC, Biemann K (1964) Mass spectra of O-Isopropylidene derivatives of Pentoses and hexoses. J Am Chem Soc 86(1):67–74
Novina R (1984) Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene-glucose and glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Chromatographia 18(1):21–22
Whistler HvRL, Smith RJ, BeMiller JN, Wolfrom ML (1963) Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Academic Press, New York-London:321
Acknowledgements
Authors gratefully acknowledge the University of Tabriz and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science for the financial supports for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nasiri Oskooie, M., Pooresmaeil, M. & Namazi, H. Design and synthesis of vinylic glycomonomers and glycopolymer based on α-D-glucofuranose moieties. J Polym Res 26, 268 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1969-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1969-0