Abstract
A 3D shear wave velocity model of the subsurface of Popocatépetl volcano was obtained using ambient noise tomography, employing the principal cross-terms of the empirical Green’s function. Daily cross-correlation waveforms were computed from the data recorded by four seismic broadband stations in 2012. Dispersion curves were estimated from the stack of anti-causal and causal parts for the three ground motion components. In the period ranging between 0.5 and 7 s, the radial component provided the most well-defined group velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh waves. Dispersion curves for long paths (> 9.5 km) suggested the presence of a layered structure with group velocity values ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 km/s. Dispersion curves for short paths (< 7 km) and close to the volcano showed values similar to those for long paths but with a velocity inversion occurring between 3- and 5-s periods. Despite the scarce ray-path coverage, a tomography inversion provided the means to image an S-wave velocity anomaly (2.5–3.0 km/s) in the northern part of the crater at depths not larger than 6 km. The volcano-tectonic seismicity during 2012–2013 was found to be concentrated in the southern segment of this anomaly, which seems to mark a boundary between a solidified body (possibly a product of ancient volcanic craters) and the softer material.
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Acknowledgements
CENAPRED kindly provided the seismic records of the Popocatépetl stations. This study was possible thanks to the support by UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT Programs: IN117217 and IN117119. Part of the research is the result of a bilateral collaboration project between Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Indian Institute of Science, supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico, and Department of Science and Technology, India, project 266055, approved in the call C0013-2015-03. We thank Hongjian Fang for his comments on the use of the DSurfTomo tomography software (https://github.com/HongjianFang/DSurfTomo, last accessed February 28, 2019). We would like to thank Dr. F. J. Chávez-García and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and recommendations to improve our manuscript.
Data availability of data and material
Material is available from the authors upon request. Datasets related to this article can be downloaded from https://www.gob.mx/cenapred.
Code availability
Data processing was done using open-source codes (Herrmann 2013; Rawlinson and Kennett 2004; Schimmel et al. 2011; Helffrich et al. 2013; Wessel et al. 2017; Fang and Zhang 2014). Smaller code segments were written by the authors.
Funding
This study was funded by the UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT Programs IN117217 and IN117119, and partially supported by project 266055, C0013-2015-03 CONACYT-DST.
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M. C. S.: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft preparation. T. A. R. P.: data curation, investigation, resources. J. T.: visualization, writing–review. T. N.: visualization, writing—reviewing and editing.
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Article highlights
• A 3D model of the internal structure of the Popocatépetl volcano has been produced using ambient seismic noise analysis.
• The presence of a high-velocity zone, a solidified body produced by ancient volcanic episodes, has been reverified.
• Explained the clustering of volcano tectonic earthquakes along faults that limit significant velocity anomaly.
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Cárdenas-Soto, M., Reyes-Pimentel, T.A., Tago, J. et al. Ambient noise tomography of the Popocatépetl volcano using the principal Green tensor components . J Seismol 25, 1089–1102 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-021-10021-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-021-10021-4