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TiO2 nanotubes produced by the anodization process under different parameters

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Abstract

In the present study, nanoporous and nanotubular TiO2 structures were produced using the titanium anodization process and different parameters. The process was carried out using a solution of ammonium fluoride (0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mol L−1), 10% (v/v) water and 90% (v/v) glycerin. The titanium plates were arranged at a 1 cm distance from each other at potentials of 15, 20 and 25 V and for different periods (15, 25 and 50 h). After anodization, the TiO2 nanostructures were calcinated at 450 °C for 30 min. The morphological and structural characterization obtained by scanning electronic microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows the growth of different TiO2 nanostructures due to the variations in the experimental parameters. The X-ray diffraction measurements were used to calculate the grain size from the Scherrer equation. Cyclic voltammetry was used to observe the redox response and correlate the electro-chemical response with the experimental parameters for obtaining the TiO2 structures and their morphology. For the electrode produced during 50 h and at 25 V, an increase in the active surface area was observed, and the value of 0.68 cm2 for a geometric area of 0.24 cm2 was obtained, in addition to an increase in the electrochemical response.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge CAPES, CNPq and FAPEAM (project FAPEAM N. 0.62.01142/2019), UFAM for financial assistance provided for the present research work and the LPQI, DeGEO, LTMOE/CPAAF/INPA, OpTima, CMABio, Central Analítica labs at IFAM for assistance with equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Victoria A. Maia & Neila A. Braga

  2. Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil

    Fabiana M. Paschoal

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  1. Victoria A. Maia
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VAM methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing of original draft, visualization. FMP methodology, idea, investigation, review. NAB formal analysis, writing—review & editing, project administration.

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Correspondence to Victoria A. Maia.

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Maia, V.A., Paschoal, F.M. & Braga, N.A. TiO2 nanotubes produced by the anodization process under different parameters. J Porous Mater 29, 1981–1989 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01307-0

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