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Porous Swellable Hypromellose Composite Fortified with Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Phenolic-rich Extract to Mitigate Dermal Wound Infections

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Abstract

Contagious wound infection has become one of the most common challenges concomitants with the wounds, causing severe inflammatory responses, and ultimately delaying skin tissue regeneration. Herein, a phenolic-rich Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophobic (ECG) and hydrophilic extract (ECY), in varied content was fortified within a hypromellose polymeric matrix was characterized, and further targeted as an effective antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hemostasis dressing. Infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis of ECG and ECY fortified composite indicated significant hydrogen bonding-based cross-linking, while scanning electron microscopy image showed a porous structure. The chromatography profiling demonstrated 0.022 ± 0.02 and 0.027 ± 0.01 µg/mg of quercetin for the ECG and ECY fortified composite, respectively. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extract incorporated composite was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of control. Biocompatibility results revealed that composites were compatible with > 80% viability of HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. The results of the blood-coagulation and clotting kinetics showed time and dose-dependent hemostasis. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf hydrophilic extract incorporated composite significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the nitrite production against lipopolysaccharides-stimulated macrophage cells. Moreover, the HaCaT cell showed migration of 43.59 ± 1.26 (%) and 48.12 ± 1.85 (%) treated with ECG and ECY incorporated composite after 24 h, respectively. Overall, the hydrophilic extract-incorporated composites showed multifarious biological properties, suggesting their potential for comprehensive wound healing dressing.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

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Author notes

  1. Sudarshan Singh and Chuda Chittasupho have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, 515721, India

    Vijay R. Chidrawar

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Sudarshan Singh & Chuda Chittasupho

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Titilope John Jayeoye

  4. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Gujarat, 391760, India

    Rajesh Dodiya

  5. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand

    Weerasak Samee

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  1. Vijay R. Chidrawar
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Contributions

VRC: Blood clotting, clotting kinetics, and review. SS: Conceptualization, method, investigation, writing-original, review, and editing. TJJ: Thermal analysis and review. RD: Microbiological analysis, review, and editing. WS: Chromatography analysis. CC: Conceptualization, cell-line analysis, funding acquisition, review, and editing.

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Correspondence to Sudarshan Singh, Rajesh Dodiya or Chuda Chittasupho.

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Chidrawar, V.R., Singh, S., Jayeoye, T.J. et al. Porous Swellable Hypromellose Composite Fortified with Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaf Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Phenolic-rich Extract to Mitigate Dermal Wound Infections. J Polym Environ 31, 3841–3856 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02860-8

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