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Electrical Stimuli-Responsive Gelatin/Shellac Gel Blends for Use as Controllable Transdermal Delivery Patches

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Abstract

To improve and increase drug permeation efficiency and hydrogel stability, a gelatin/shellac (Gel/SL) hydrogel was prepared for use in transdermal patches. Gallic acid (Gal) was selected as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Gel/SL hydrogels were prepared with various amounts of SL (0–30% w/w SL). The swelling and permeation behavior of Gel/SL hydrogels were studied. The rigidity and hydrophobic aliphatic groups of SL affect the swelling characteristics of hydrogels, and the percentage of swelling decreases with increasing SL ratio. The permeation characteristic experiments were carried out at pH 7.4 and 37 °C for 48 h. To enhance the amount of Gal permeation, an external voltage (0–3 V) was applied. The amount of Gal permeation into tissue from Gel/SL hydrogels increased rapidly at the initial state before reaching time equilibrium, TEP (< 8 h). When a voltage was applied, the amount of Gal permeation increased due to the stronger electrorepulsive force, micro pathway generation and transappendageal route expansion. To improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, Gel/SL was prepared with various amounts of crosslinking agent. The physical properties and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were studied. The hardness and tensile strength were improved when the amount of crosslink agent increased due to the higher number of hydrogel strands. The amount of permeated Gal increases with decreasing amounts of crosslinking agent due to the higher free volume in the matrix. The % cell viability (of fibroblast cells) was higher than 80%. Thus, these Gel/SL hydrogels could serve as an alternative hydrogel for user-friendly and controllable transdermal patch applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Advance Material Research Group of RMUTT, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand.

Funding

This project was supported by Reinventing University Project (given to Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand) 2022, Office of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand Science Research and Innovation.

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  1. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand

    Supanit Chungyampin & Sumonman Niamlang

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  1. Supanit Chungyampin
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  2. Sumonman Niamlang
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SC, experiment, wrote the manuscript and data analysis. SN, Ideation, experimental setting and analysis, wrote manuscript and corresponding author.

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Correspondence to Sumonman Niamlang.

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Chungyampin, S., Niamlang, S. Electrical Stimuli-Responsive Gelatin/Shellac Gel Blends for Use as Controllable Transdermal Delivery Patches. J Polym Environ 31, 3248–3258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02808-y

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