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Hydrothermal-Assisted Grafting of Schiff base Chitosan by Salicylaldehyde for Adsorptive Removal of Acidic Dye: Statistical Modeling and Adsorption Mechanism

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Abstract

The present study employed the hydrothermal technique to graft biopolymer chitosan (CHS) with an aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde, SA) for the adsorption of an acidic azo dye (reactive orange 16, RO 16) from an aqueous environment. The obtained hydrothermally achieved Schiff’s base (chitosan-salicylaldehyde, CHS-SA) material was analyzed using BET, CHN-O, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and pHpzc. The impacts of A: CHS-SA dosage (0.02–0.08 g/100 mL), B: pH (4–10), and C: time (5–25 min) factors on the adsorption performance of CHS-SA towards RO16 dye were fully examined using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The pseudo-second-order model exhibited the greatest match for the adsorption of RO16 dye by CHS-SA, whilst the equilibrium isotherm observations matched the Freundlich model. The maximal adsorption capacity of CHS-SA as established by the Langmuir model was 143.4 mg/g. Several pathways, including electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, n-π interaction, and H-bonding drive the RO16 adsorption by CHS-SA. This work supports the idea of a hydrothermal way to produce grafted CHS-SA capable of removing harmful contaminants from an aquatic environment.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.”

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MoHE) for supporting this research project under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Ref: FRGS/1/2022/TK09/UITM/02/26).

Funding

This research project has received a Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Ref: FRGS/1/2022/TK09/UITM/02/26) fund from the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nurul Izzati Normi, Ali H. Jawad, S. N. Surip, R. Razuan & Mohd Lokman Ibrahim

  2. Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed

  3. College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq

    Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed

  4. School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia

    S. N. Surip

  5. Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Lokman Ibrahim

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  1. Nurul Izzati Normi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by NIN, ASA, AHJ, SNS, RR, MLI. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NIN, ASA, AHJ, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali H. Jawad.

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Normi, N.I., Abdulhameed, A.S., Jawad, A.H. et al. Hydrothermal-Assisted Grafting of Schiff base Chitosan by Salicylaldehyde for Adsorptive Removal of Acidic Dye: Statistical Modeling and Adsorption Mechanism. J Polym Environ 31, 1925–1937 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02730-9

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