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Facile Synthesis of an Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrid Composite of Salicylaldehyde-Based Chitosan Schiff Base/SiO2 for Acid Red 88 Dye Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Modeling

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Abstract

The current study employed the hydrothermal approach to graft chitosan functionalized-SiO2 nanoparticles with an aromatic aldehyde (salicylaldehyde, SA) to obtain an organic–inorganic nanohybrid composite of salicylaldehyde-based chitosan Schiff base/SiO2 (CTS-SA/SiO2) for uptake of an acidic azo dye (acid red 88, AR88) from aqueous media. The effects of A: CTS-SA/SiO2 dose (0.02–0.1 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: time (10–90 min) on the adsorption performance of CTS-SA/SiO2 towards AR88 were studied systematically by the Box–Behnken Design (BBD). The CTS-SA/SiO2 dosage, pH, and contact time resulted in maximum dye elimination (76.46%) of AR88, according to the results of the BBD model. These variables were 0.093 g of CTS-SA/SiO2, pH 4.5, and 87.4 min. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm provide an account of the experimental results for AR88 adsorption by CTS-SA/SiO2. The calculated maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity for CTS-SA/SiO2 is equal to 184.2 mg/g. The high adsorption of AR88 onto the CTS-SA/SiO2 can be mainly ascribed to electrostatic forces between the protonated CTS-SA/SiO2 and the AR88 anions, along with n–π, π–π, and H-bond interactions. This research demonstrates that CTS-SA/SiO2 has promising potential as an adsorbent for organic dye removal from water systems.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for the research facilities. The author (Ruihong Wu) would like to thank Hengshui University for its scientific research funding (2023ZRZ01). The author (Zeid A. ALOthman) is thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project No. (RSP2023R1), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

The author (Ruihong Wu) would like to thank Hengshui University for its scientific research funding (2023ZRZ01). The author (Zeid A. ALOthman) is thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project No. (RSP2023R1), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ruihong Wu & Ali H. Jawad

  2. Department of Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui, 053500, Hebei, China

    Ruihong Wu

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

    Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed

  4. College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq

    Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed

  5. Soil Assessment and Remediation Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Soon Kong Yong

  6. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Zeid A. ALOthman

  7. Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5C9, Canada

    Lee D. Wilson

  8. Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq

    Ali H. Jawad

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by RW, ASA, SKY, ZAA, LDW, and AHJ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by WR, ASA, AHJ, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali H. Jawad.

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Wu, R., Abdulhameed, A.S., Yong, S.K. et al. Facile Synthesis of an Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrid Composite of Salicylaldehyde-Based Chitosan Schiff Base/SiO2 for Acid Red 88 Dye Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Modeling. J Inorg Organomet Polym 34, 1523–1534 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02876-6

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