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Preparation and Characterization of Starch-Based Bioplastic Films Modified by Citric Acid-Epoxidized Soybean Oil Oligomers

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Abstract

In this work, citric acid (CA) was successfully used to improve the features of starch-based bioplastic films containing epoxidized soybean oils (ESO). Citric acid-epoxidized soybean oil oligomers (CESO) with different degrees of polymerization were synthesized by controlling the molar ratios of CA to ESO (nCOOH/epoxy = 1 ~ 4). The molecular weight and degree of polymerization of CESO decreased as more CA was incorporated. Starch-based bioplastic films with CESO were produced via solution casting and characterized by structural, thermal, tensile, water resistance, and optical properties. The hydrogen bonding interactions between starch and CESO were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs suggested that CESO exhibited better compatibility with starch than ESO. Bioplastic films with CESO presented lower swelling degree and opacity as well as higher thermal property and tensile strength than the film with ESO. The composites with CESO2 (nCOOH/epoxy = 2) showed the most comprehensive properties including thermal stability, tensile strength, opacity, and water resistance than those with other CESO. Higher contents of CA in CESO (nCOOH/epoxy > 2) might cause the degradation of starch and deteriorate the properties of the films.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work has been funded by the Talent Introduction Project of Dezhou University (No. 2022xjrc102) and University Malaya research grant (ST078-2022, PV13-2019 and PR006-2019A).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China

    Jianlei Yang, Naif Mohammed Al-Hada, Yunwei Wei, Shicai Xu, Jiafeng Yu & Jihua Wang

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yern Chee Ching

  3. University of Reading Malaysia, Kota Ilmu, Persiaran Graduan, Educity, 79200, Nusajaya Johor, Malaysia

    Kuan Yong Ching

  4. Dezhou Product Quality Standard Metrology Research Institute, Dezhou, 253023, China

    Xiuzhen Ran & Xiao Sui

  5. Shandong Demeng Testing Co., LTD, Dezhou, 253023, China

    Jiehua Zhou

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  1. Jianlei Yang
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Contributions

Jianlei Yang wrote the conducted experiments and analysis and wrote the main manuscript text. Yern Chee Ching provided supervision, funding, conceptualization, reviewed and Edited. Shicai Xu provided supervision and result validation Kuan Yong Ching, Xiuzhen Ran, Naif Mohammed Al-Hada, and Xiao Sui provided conceptualization and formal analysis Xiao Sui, YunWei Wei, Jiafeng Yu, Jihua Wang and Jiehua Zhou provided conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - Review and Editing

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Correspondence to Yern Chee Ching or Shicai Xu.

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Yang, J., Ching, Y.C., Ching, K.Y. et al. Preparation and Characterization of Starch-Based Bioplastic Films Modified by Citric Acid-Epoxidized Soybean Oil Oligomers. J Polym Environ 31, 954–964 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02661-5

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