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Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis from Alternative Carbon Sources and Analytic Methods: A Short Review

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Abstract

In recent decades, the global accumulation of plastics and the resulting pollution, as well as the increase in the price of oil, have driven studies aimed at the production of biodegradable plastics and the use of renewable carbon sources for their synthesis. In this context, the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) biopolymers are highlighted as a class type of microbial polyester produced by fermentation of carbon substrates and stored in the form of granules in the bacterial cytoplasm. The scientific-industrial prominence of PHAs is due to their characteristics, such as thermoplasticity, biodegradable, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. This versatility makes these biopolymers potential candidates for industrial, pharmaceutical, biomedical and food packaging applications. Despite these advantages, the commercialization of PHA on a large scale is restricted by its high production cost compared to petroleum-based plastics. The high cost is mainly attributed to the carbon source used in the fermentation processes, representing approximately 50% of the total production costs. Thereby, studies have focused on prospecting alternative carbon sources, such as agro-industrial residues to reduce the production cost to make PHAs more commercially competitive. In this regard, this review presents an overview of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), addressing alternative carbon sources as substrates for their synthesis, description of analytical and extraction methods applied to recover and characterize this biopolymer.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Kootstra et al. [46]

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) under Finance Code 001 and the Banco do Nordeste do Brasil - BNB/FUNDECI (Grant ETENE/FUNDECI 01/2015) for financial assistance.

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  1. Industrial Biotechnology Graduation Program, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil

    Tábata C. Guimarães, María Lucila Hernández-Macedo & Jorge A. López

  2. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Technology Institute, Aracaju, SE, Brazil

    Tábata C. Guimarães, Everton S. Araújo, María Lucila Hernández-Macedo & Jorge A. López

  3. Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, DACT, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil

    Jorge A. López

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  1. Tábata C. Guimarães
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Guimarães, T.C., Araújo, E.S., Hernández-Macedo, M.L. et al. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis from Alternative Carbon Sources and Analytic Methods: A Short Review. J Polym Environ 30, 2669–2684 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02403-7

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