Abstract
Natural rubber latex from the Hevea brasiliensis has been of great importance in areas such as medicine and bioengineering, due to its angiogenic and wound healing activity. However, the biodegradability of natural rubber latex is not significant when compared to other polymers used for the development of materials with biomedical applications, which is important to avoid medical intervention to remove them. Thus, the aim of this work was to improve the biodegradability and subsequent bioabsorption of natural rubber latex membranes associating them with the polylactic acid, a biodegradable, bioreabsorbable and biocompatible polymer, besides being the most studied in biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental fields. The membranes were prepared with different mass proportions of the polymers with dichloromethane as solvent. The material were submitted to mechanical test, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, water vapor transmission, swelling, in vitro degradation and hemolysis assay. The different polymer proportions influenced the membrane properties. The infrared spectroscopy indicating that no new chemical interactions were formed, and the scanning electron microscopy showed a polymer network formed in membranes with the highest natural rubber latex mass proportion. With the increase of polylactic acid in the membranes, there was an improvement in the degradation of the material of up to 130% and no hemolytic effect was observed, making it interesting for biomedical application.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barros NR et al (2015) (2015) Diclofenac potassium transdermal patches using natural rubber latex biomembranes as carrier. J Mater 1:1–7
Shin H et al (2003) Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 24(24):4353–4364
O’Brien FJ (2011) Biomaterials & scaffolds for tissue engineering. Mater Today 14(3):88–95
Jahno VD et al (2007) Chemical synthesis and in vitro biocompatibility tests of poly (L-lactic acid). J Biomed Mater Res A 83(1):209–215
Miranda MCR et al (2017) Porosity effects of natural latex (Hevea brasiliensis) on release of compounds for biomedical applications. J Biomater Sci Polym Edition 28(18):2117–2130
Mrué F et al (2004) Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new biomembrane. Mater Res 7(2):277–283
Miranda MCR et al (2018) Evaluation of peptides release using a natural rubber latex biomembrane as a carrier. Amino Acids 50(5):503–511
Ereno C et al (2010) Latex use as an occlusive membrane for guided bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 95(3):932–939
Ferreira M et al (2009) Angiogenic properties of natural rubber latex biomembranes and the serum fraction of Hevea brasiliensis. Braz J Phys 39(3):564–569
Frade M et al (2004) Management of diabetic skin wounds with a natural latex biomembrane. Med Cután Ibero-Latino-Americana 32(4):157–162
Shasteen C, Choy YB (2011) Controlling degradation rate of poly(lactic acid) for its biomedical applications. Biomed Eng Lett 1(163):163–167
Ikada Y, Tsuji H (2000) Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 21(3):117–132
Bergström JS, Hayman D (2015) An overview of mechanical properties and material modeling of polylactide (PLA) for medical applications. Ann Biomed Eng 44(2):330–340
Middleton JC, Tipton AJ (2000) Synthetic biodegradable polymers as orthopedic devices Biomaterials 21(23):2335–2346
Liao SS et al (2004) Hierarchically biomimetic bone scaffold materials: Nano-HA/collagen/PLA composite. J Biomed Mater Res B 69(2):158–165
Danoux CB et al (2014) In vitro and in vivo bioactivity assessment of a polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composite for bone regeneration. Biomatter 4(1):1–12
Romeira KM, Drago BC, Murbach HD et al. (2012) Evaluation of Stryphnodendron sp. release using natural rubber latex membrane as carrier. J Appl Sci 12(7): 93–697
Herculano RD et al (2009) Natural rubber latex used as drug delivery system in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Mater Res 12(2):253–256
Prezotti FG et al (2012) Preparation and characterization of free films of high amylose/pectin mixtures cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 38(11):1354–1359
Meneguin AB et al (2014) Films from resistant starch-pectin dispersions intended for colonic drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 99(1):140–149
Borges FA et al (2017) Application of natural rubber latex as scaffold for osteoblast to guided bone regeneration. J Appl Polym Sci 134(39):1–10
Aldana DS et al (2014) Barrier properties of polylactic acid in cellulose based packages using montmorillonite as filler. Polymers 6(9):2386–2403
Zhu A, Zhang M, Wu J, Shen J (2002) Covalent immobilization of chitosan/heparin complex with a photosensitive hetero-bifunctional crosslinking reagent on PLA surface. Biomaterials 23(23):4657–4665
van den Brink RW et al (1998) Catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane on γ-Al2O3: a combined flow and infrared spectroscopic study. J Catal 180(2):153–160
Mathew AP, Oskmam K, Sain M (2005) Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). J Appl Polym Sci 97(5):2014–2025
Rhim JW, Mohanty AK, Singh SP, Ng PKW (2006) Effect of the processing methods on the performance of polylactide films: thermocompression versus solvent casting. J Appl Polym Sci 101(6):3736–3742
Rhim JW, Hong SI, Ha CS (2009) Tensile, water vapor barrier and antimicrobial properties of PLA/nanoclay composite films. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42(2):612–617
Jonoobi M, Harun J, Mathew AP, Oskman K (2010) Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion. Compos Sci Technol 70(12):1742–1747
Karst D, Yang T (2006) Molecular modeling study of the resistance of PLA to hydrolysis based on the blending of PLLA and PDLA. Polymer 47(13):4845–4850
Xu H, Teng C, Yu M (2006) Improvements of thermal property and crystallization behavior of PLLA based multiblock copolymer by forming stereocomplex with PDLA oligomer. Polymer 4(11):3922–3928
Garms BC et al (2017) Characterization and microbiological application of ciprofloxacin loaded in natural rubber latex membranes. Br J Pharm Res 15(1):1–10
Murbach HD, Ogawa GI, Borges FA et al (2014) (2014) Ciprofloxacin release using natural rubber latex membranes as carrier. Int J Biomater 1:1–7
Saijun D et al (2009) Water absorption and mechanical properties of water-swellable natural rubber Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol 31(5):561–565
Mirzaali MJ et al (2016) Mechanical properties of cortical bone and their relationships with age, gender, composition and microindentation properties in the elderly. Bone 93(1):196–211
Libonati F, Vergani L (2016) Understanding the structure–property relationship in cortical bone to design a biomimetic composite. Compos Struct 139(1):188–198
Kolk A et al (2012) Current trends and future perspectives of bone substitute materials—from space holders to innovative biomaterials. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg 40(8):706–718
Chang-Min S et al (2003) Tensile characteristics and behavior of blood vessels from human brain in uniaxial tensile test KSME. Int J 17(7):1016–1025
Halász K, Hozakun Y (2015) Csóka L (2015) Reducing water vapor permeability of poly(lactic acid) film and bottle through layer-by-layer deposition of green-processed cellulose nanocrystals and chitosan. Int J Polym Sci 1:1–6
Shuai S et al (2010) (2010) Preparation and characterization of microporous poly (D, L-lactic acid) film for tissue engineering scaffold. Int J Nanomed 5:1049–1055
Proikakis CS et al (2006) Swelling and hydrolytic degradation of poly(D, L-lactic acid) in aqueous solutions. Polym Degrad Stab 9(3):614–619
Sato S et al (2012) Effects of various liquid organic solvents on solvent-induced crystallization of amorphous poly(lactic acid) film. J Appl Polym Sci 12(3):1607–1617
Ho CC, Khew MC (2000) Surface free energy analysis of natural and modified natural rubber latex films by contact angle method. Langmuir 1(3):1407–1414
Ishii D et al (2009) In vivo tissue response and degradation behavior of PLLA and stereocomplexed PLA nanofibers. Biomacromol 10(2):237–242
Holy CE et al (1999) In vitro degradation of a novel poly(lactide-co-glycolide) 75/25 foam. Biomaterials 20(13):1177–1185
Reed AM, Gilding DK (1981) Biodegradable polymers for use in surgery-poly(glycolic)/poly(lactic acid) homo and copolymers: 2. In vitro degradation. Polymer 22(4):494–498
You Y et al (2005) In vitro degradation behavior of electrospun polyglycolide, polylactide, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide). J Appl Polym Sci 95(2):193–200
Andiappan M et al (2013) Electrospun eri silk fibroin scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering applications. Progr Biomater 2(6):1–11
Borges FA et al (2015) Natural rubber latex coated with calcium phosphate for biomedical application. J Biomater Sci 26(17):1256–1268
Henkelman S et al (2009) Standardization of incubation conditions for hemolysis testing of biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng C 29(5):1650–1654
Alippilakkotte S et al (2017) Fabrication of PLA/Ag nanofibers by green synthesis method using Momordica charantia fruit extract for wound dressing applications. Colloids Surf A 529(1):771–782
Floriano JF et al (2018) Ketoprofen loaded in natural rubber latex transdermal patch for tendinitis treatment. J Polym Environ 26(6):2281–2289
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support of FAPESP (Processes 2016/09736-8 and 2017/19603-8).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cesar, M.B., Borges, F.A., Bilck, A.P. et al. Development and Characterization of Natural Rubber Latex and Polylactic Acid Membranes for Biomedical Application. J Polym Environ 28, 220–230 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01596-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01596-8