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Weighing the Risk: effects of Obesity on the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer Risk

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Abstract

Obesity is a preventable risk factor for breast cancer following menopause. Regardless of menopausal status, obese women who develop breast cancer have a worsened prognosis. Breast tissue is comprised of mammary epithelial cells organized into ducts and lobules and surrounded by adipose-rich connective tissue. Studies utilizing multiple in vivo models of obesity as well as human breast tissue have contributed to our understanding of how obesity alters mammary tissue. Localized changes in mammary epithelial cell populations, elevated secretion of adipokines and angiogenic mediators, inflammation within mammary adipose tissue, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix may result in an environment conducive to breast cancer growth. Despite these significant alterations caused by obesity within breast tissue, studies have suggested that some, but not all, obesity-induced changes may be mitigated with weight loss. Here, we review our current understanding regarding the impact of obesity on the breast microenvironment, how obesity-induced changes may contribute to breast tumor progression, and the impact of weight loss on the breast microenvironment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Abbey Williams, Brenna Walton, and Genevra Kuziel for helpful discussions and suggestions.

Funding

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health R01 CA227542 (L.M.A.) and T32 GM007215 (L.E.H.).

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  1. Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Lauren E. Hillers-Ziemer & Lisa M. Arendt

  2. Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Lisa M. Arendt

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  1. Lauren E. Hillers-Ziemer
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LEH drafted the manuscript and generated the figures. LEH and LMA revised the manuscript.

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Hillers-Ziemer, L.E., Arendt, L.M. Weighing the Risk: effects of Obesity on the Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer Risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 25, 115–131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-020-09452-5

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