Skip to main content
Log in

CMMSE 18: geometric-arithmetic index and line graph

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The concept of geometric-arithmetic index was introduced in the chemical graph theory recently, but it has shown to be useful. The aim of this paper is to obtain new inequalities involving the geometric-arithmetic index \(GA_1\) and characterize graphs extremal with respect to them. Besides, we prove inequalities involving the geometric-arithmetic index of line graphs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Abdo, D. Dimitrov, I. Gutman, On extremal trees with respect to the F-index. Kuwait J. Sci. 44(3), 1–8 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  2. V. Andova, M. Petrusevski, Variable Zagreb indices and Karamata’s inequality. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 65, 685–690 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Z. Che, Z. Chen, Lower and upper bounds of the forgotten topological index. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 76, 635–648 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  4. K.C. Das, On geometric-arithmetic index of graphs. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 64, 619–630 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  5. K.C. Das, I. Gutman, B. Furtula, Survey on geometric-arithmetic indices of graphs. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 65, 595–644 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.C. Das, I. Gutman, B. Furtula, On first geometric-arithmetic index of graphs. Discrete Appl. Math. 159, 2030–2037 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Deng, S. Elumalai, S. Balachandran, Maximum and second maximum of geometric-arithmetic index of tricyclic graphs. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 79, 467–475 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Z. Du, B. Zhou, N. Trinajstić, On geometric-arithmetic indices of (molecular) trees. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 66, 681–697 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Eliasi, A. Iranmanesh, I. Gutman, Multiplicative versions of first Zagreb index. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 68(1), 217–230 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. B. Furtula, I. Gutman, A forgotten topological index. J. Math. Chem. 53(4), 1184–1190 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I. Gutman, Degree-based topological indices. Croat. Chem. Acta 86, 351–361 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. I. Gutman, K.C. Das, The first Zagreb index 30 years after. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 50, 83–92 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. I. Gutman, J. Tošović, Testing the quality of molecular structure descriptors vertex-degreebased topological indices. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 78(6), 805–810 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. I. Gutman, N. Trinajstić, Graph theory and molecular orbitals total \(\pi \)-electron energy of alternant hydrocarbons. Chem. Phys. Lett. 17, 535–538 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. F. Harary, R.Z. Norman, Some properties of line digraphs. Rend. Circ. Math. Palermo 9, 161–169 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. N.H.M. Husin, R. Hasni, Z. Du, On extremum geometric-arithmetic indices of (molecular) trees. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 78, 375–386 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. Krausz, Démonstration nouvelle d’un théorème de Whitney sur les réseaux. Mat. Fiz. Lapok 50, 75–85 (1943)

    Google Scholar 

  18. X. Li, J. Zheng, A unified approach to the extremal trees for different indices. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 54, 195–208 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Li, H. Zhao, Trees with the first smallest and largest generalized topological indices. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 50, 57–62 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Liu, B. Liu, Some properties of the first general Zagreb index. Australas. J. Combin. 47, 285–294 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Miličević, S. Nikolić, On variable Zagreb indices. Croat. Chem. Acta 77, 97–101 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Mogharrab, G.H. Fath-Tabar, Some bounds on \(GA_1\) index of graphs. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 65, 33–38 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. S. Nikolić, A. Miličević, N. Trinajstić, A. Jurić, On use of the variable Zagreb \(^\nu M_2\) index in QSPR: boiling points of benzenoid hydrocarbons. Molecules 9, 1208–1221 (2004)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. S. Nikolić, G. Kovačević, A. Miličević, N. Trinajstić, The Zagreb indices 30 years after. Croat. Chem. Acta 76, 113–124 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  25. E.A. Nordhaus, J.W. Gaddum, On complementary graphs. Am. Math. Mon. 63, 175–177 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Randić, Novel graph theoretical approach to heteroatoms in QSAR. Chemomet. Intel. Lab. Syst. 10, 213–227 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Randić, D. Plavšić, N. Lerš, Variable connectivity index for cycle-containing structures. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 41, 657–662 (2001)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. J.M. Rodríguez, J.L. Sánchez, J.M. Sigarreta, On the first general Zagreb Indez. J. Math. Chem. 56, 1849–1864 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J.M. Rodríguez, J.M. Sigarreta, On the geometric-arithmetic index. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 74, 103–120 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  30. J.M. Rodríguez, J.M. Sigarreta, Spectral properties of geometric-arithmetic index. Appl. Math. Comput. 277, 142–153 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  31. J.M. Rodríguez, J.M. Sigarreta, New results on the harmonic index and its generalizations. MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 78(2), 387–404 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. M. Rodríguez, J. M. Sigarreta, Relations between some topological indices (submitted)

  33. P.S. Ranjini, V. Lokesha, I.N. Cangül, On the Zagreb indices of the line graphs of the subdivision graphs. Appl. Math. Comput. 218, 699–702 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Singh, KCh. Das, S. Gupta, A.K. Madan, Refined variable Zagreb indices: highly discriminating topological descriptors for QSAR/QSPR. Int. J. Chem. Model. 6(2–3), 403–428 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. Su, L. Xu, Topological indices of the line graph of subdivision graphs and their Schur bounds. Appl. Math. Comput. 253, 395–401 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Texas Engineering Experiment Station. Thermodynamics Research Center, TRC thermodynamic tables, non-hydrocarbons, English edition. Texas A & M University System (1986)

  37. M. Vöge, A.J. Guttmann, I. Jensen, On the number of benzenoid hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 42, 456–466 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. D. Vukičević, B. Furtula, Topological index based on the ratios of geometrical and arithmetical means of end-vertex degrees of edges. J. Math. Chem. 46, 1369–1376 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Whitney, Congruent graphs and the connectivity of graphs. Am. J. Math. 54, 150–168 (1932)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. B. Zhou, N. Trinajstić, On general sum-connectivity index. J. Math. Chem. 47, 210–218 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Domingo Pestana.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

All authors supported in part by two Grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (MTM2016-78227-C2-1-P and MTM2015-69323-REDT), Spain. Second author supported besides in part from CONACYT (FOMIX-CONACyT-UAGro 249818), México.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pestana, D., Sigarreta, J.M. & Tourís, E. CMMSE 18: geometric-arithmetic index and line graph. J Math Chem 57, 1427–1447 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-018-00993-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-018-00993-z

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation