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Oviposition Behavior of the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

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Abstract

Female bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, in strains from three widely separated geographic regions were evaluated for diel and daily periodicity in oviposition, as well as for the duration of oviposition per se and apparent egg marking behavior. Females that were mated and fed for the first time and laying their first clutch of eggs and females fed a second time before laying their second clutch of eggs both oviposited preferentially in the scotophase of a 14:10 L:D cycle. Oviposition began before the photophase ended, indicating it was not induced by the onset of darkness and suggesting that oviposition may be governed by a circadian rhythm. First-clutch females began to oviposit closer to the onset of darkness and 1–2 days later than second-clutch females, respectively, suggesting that first-clutch females were more strictly entrained to the L:D cycle and were still undergoing reproductive maturation. In all cases, oviposition of one clutch was finished by day 10, but the frequency distributions of eggs laid daily by first-clutch and second-clutch females, as well as those of females from the three different strains, were all significantly different. The acts of oviposition and subsequent apparent egg marking behavior (a novel observation) lasted mean durations of 4.7 s and 24.1 s, respectively. During apparent egg marking, a female would repeatedly touch the abdominal cuticle in the region of the scent glands with her metathoracic tarsi and then touch the newly laid egg while concurrently waving the tip of her abdomen back and forth across the surface of the egg.

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Data Availability

Data are on file with the senior author and are available on request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Scott Bessin for technical assistance, primarily with the analysis of photographs. We thank Josiah Ritchey for verification of statistical analyses and approaches.

Funding

This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture as an approved Hatch project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA

    Sydney E. Crawley

  2. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA

    Kenneth F. Haynes

  3. JHB Consulting, 6552 Carnegie Street, Burnaby, BC, V5B 1Y3, Canada

    John H. Borden

Authors
  1. Sydney E. Crawley
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  2. Kenneth F. Haynes
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  3. John H. Borden
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Contributions

Sydney Crawley: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, writing, and editing. Kenneth Haynes: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, supervision, review and editing. John Borden: formal analysis, writing, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Sydney E. Crawley.

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Crawley, S.E., Haynes, K.F. & Borden, J.H. Oviposition Behavior of the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Insect Behav 36, 142–149 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-023-09830-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-023-09830-x

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