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Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Behavior of the Agglomerated \(\text{Co}_{3}\text{O}_{4}\) Nanoparticles Obtained Through the Sol–Gel Method

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Abstract

Agglomerates of \(\text{Co}_{3}\text{O}_{4}\) were obtained using the sol–gel method for the synthesis with subsequent calcination of the samples up to 550 °C. Through X-rays it was observed that the samples presented the pure spinel phase with a crystallite size between 33.73 and 41.45 nm. In the thermogravimetric measurement from 262 °C high structural stability is presented with phase change at 917 °C. As the temperature increases, the particles increase in size, observing agglomerated nanometer particles that increase with temperature (3.5–3.8 μm). The 683 cm\(^{-1}\) Raman mode for 550 °C clearly presents an shifted compared to the other samples. The band gap for the samples under study varied with the temperature change of 1.77–1.81 eV. The FWHM decreases at a higher temperature, this confirms the larger crystallite size and the higher degree of sintering.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá. Edwin Murillo professor at Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander in Cúcuta, Colombia, for the laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ingeniería - Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45 #30-03, Bogotá, C.P. 111321, Colombia

    L. J. Cardenas-Flechas

  2. Departamento de Física, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Avenida Gran Colombia # 12E-96, Cúcuta, Colombia

    A. M. Raba

  3. Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45 #30-03, Bogotá, C.P. 111321, Colombia

    J. Barba-Ortega & M. R. Joya

  4. Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45 #30-03, Bogotá, C.P. 111321, Colombia

    L. C. Moreno

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Cardenas-Flechas, L.J., Raba, A.M., Barba-Ortega, J. et al. Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Behavior of the Agglomerated \(\text{Co}_{3}\text{O}_{4}\) Nanoparticles Obtained Through the Sol–Gel Method. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 121–128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01685-5

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