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Formulation of Naringin Encapsulation in Zein/Caseinate Biopolymers and its Anti-adipogenic Activity in 3T3-L1 Pre-adipocytes

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Abstract

Naringin, a dietary flavonoid of citrus fruits, was encapsulated in biodegradable proteins of zein/casein biopolymers for its enhanced functional properties. The formulation conditions for the synthesis of colloidal particles were optimised by Response surface Methodology (RSM) and the levels were at zein/sodium casein ratio 1.75, pH 9 and naringin 8.7 mg/mL. The optimised nanoparticles showed the mean particle size of 234 nm, zeta potential of − 28.2 mV and a narrow size distribution with the encapsulation efficiency of 71 ± 2%. The physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles were analysed by SEM, FTIR, AFM, XRD and DSC techniques. The release kinetics study demonstrated that the release of naringin from the nanoparticles was pH dependent and had an appreciable amount of in vitro bioaccessibility. In 3T3-L1 cell culture study, the encapsulated naringin showed higher anti-adipogenic activity than the unencapsulated molecule by lowering the intracellular lipid accumulation. Further, the toxicity studies in Caco-2 cells indicated that the nanoparticles were free of any adverse effects. Collectively, naringin encapsulated colloidal formulation can be a promising delivery system in functional foods for varied health benefits.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported financially by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Siddhartha Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India

    Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu, M. R. Smruthi & Farhath Khanum

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India

    Vinithra Ponnusamy

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  1. Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
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Nallamuthu, I., Ponnusamy, V., Smruthi, M.R. et al. Formulation of Naringin Encapsulation in Zein/Caseinate Biopolymers and its Anti-adipogenic Activity in 3T3-L1 Pre-adipocytes. J Clust Sci 32, 1649–1662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01909-1

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