Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Training Special Education Teachers to Select and Implement Appropriate Procedural Variations of Functional Communication Training

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Behavioral Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Training teachers to select and implement appropriate function-based interventions may reduce their reliance on behavior specialists and other support staff to help manage their students’ problem behavior in the classroom. Most prior studies on this type of training evaluated outcomes by measuring teachers’ verbal report rather than their implementation of interventions. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend prior research by training teachers to identify the putative function of problem behavior via assessment of descriptive data, to select the appropriate procedural variation of functional communication training (FCT), and to implement FCT accurately in role play. Five special education teachers participated. Results suggested that behavioral skills training (BST) was highly effective for all participants. These findings have important implications for disseminating behavior-analytic interventions into settings with limited resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aloe, A. M., Shisler, S. M., Norris, B. D., Nickerson, A. B., & Rinker, T. W. (2014). A multivariate meta-analysis of student misbehavior and teacher burnout. Educational Research Review, 12, 30–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. M., Rodriguez, B., & Campbell, A. (2015). Functional behavior assessment in schools: Current status and future directions. Journal of Behavioral Education, 24, 338–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-015-9226-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bethune, K. S., & Wood, C. L. (2013). Effects of coaching on teachers’ use of function-based interventions for students with severe disabilities. Teacher Education and Special Education, 36, 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406413478637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blood, E., & Neel, R. S. (2007) From FBA to implementation: a look at what is actually being delivered. Education and Treatment of Children, 30, 67–80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42899946.

  • Bloom, S. E., Lambert, J. M., Dayton, E., & Samaha, A. L. (2013). Teacher-conducted trial-based functional analyses as the basis for intervention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 208–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borgmeier, C., Loman, S. L., Hara, M., & Rodriguez, B. J. (2015). Training school personnel to identify interventions based on functional behavioral assessment. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 23, 78–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, M. E., Cannella-Malone, H. I., Seaman, R. L., Andzik, N. R., Schaefer, J. M., Page, E. J., et al. (2017). Findings across practitioner training studies in special education: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Exceptional Children, 84, 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402917698008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, J. E., Subramaniam, S., Brunson, L. Y., Larson, N. A., Poe, S. G., & St. Peter, C. C. (2015). Global measures of treatment integrity may mask important errors in discrete-trial training. Behavior Analysis and Practice, 8, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-014-0039-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, S. N., & Von Brock Treuting, M. (1991). The behavior intervention rating scale: Development and validation of a pretreatment acceptability and effectiveness measure. Journal of School Psychology, 29, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(91)90014-I.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ervin, R. A., Radford, P. M., Bertsch, K., Piper, A. L., Ehrhardt, K. E., & Poling, A. (2001). A descriptive analysis and critique of the empirical literature on school-based functional assessment. School Psychology Review, 30, 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, M. A., Zhang, J., & Kim, E. (2011). Using course assessments to train teachers in functional behavior assessment and behavioral intervention plan techniques. The Journal of International Association of Special Education, 12, 52–58. https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/ehd_facpub/6.

  • Hogan, A., Knez, N., & Kahng, S. (2014). Evaluating the use of behavior skills training to improve school staffs’ implementation of behavior intervention plans. Journal of Behavioral Education, 24, 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-014-9213-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homlitas, C., Rosales, R., & Candel, L. (2014). A further evaluation of behavioral skills training for implementation of the picture exchange communication system. The Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 47, 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, Y., & Peterson, S. S. (2018). Evidence-based practices provided in teacher education and in-services training programs for special education teachers of students with autism spectrum disorders. Teacher Education and Special Education, 42, 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406418758464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. C., Hovanetz, A., Strobel, M., & Trebeault, A. (2009). Accuracy of teacher-collected descriptive analysis data: a comparison of narrative and structured recording formats. Journal of Behavior Education, 18, 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1007//s10864-009-9084-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. C., & Iwata, B. A. (1993). Descriptive and experimental analyses of variables maintaining self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 293–319. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1993.26-293.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, D. C., Tetreault, A., Hovanetz, A., Strobel, M., & Garro, J. (2008). Further evaluation of a brief, intensive teacher-training model. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 243–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loman, S. L., & Horner, R. H. (2014). Examining the efficacy of a basic functional behavioral assessment training package for school personnel. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 16, 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712470724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malinen, O. P., & Savolainen, H. (2016). The effect of perceived school climate and teacher efficacy in behavior management on job satisfaction and burnout: a longitudinal study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 144–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, J. R., Werch, B. L., & Conroy, M. A. (2016). School-based interventions targeting challenging behavior by young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic literature review. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51, 265–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radstaake, M., Didden, R., Lang, R., O’Reilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., et al. (2013). Functional analysis and functional communication training in the classroom for three children with Angelman syndrome. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 25, 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-012-9302-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarokoff, R. A., & Sturmey, P. (2004). The effects of behavioral skills training on staff implementation of discrete-trial teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 535–538. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2004.37-535.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J., Lerman, D. C., & Luck, K. (2018). Computer-based training to detect antecedents and consequences of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51, 784–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, T. M., McIntyre, J., Liaupsin, C., Nelson, M., Conroy, M., & Payne, L. D. (2005). An examination of the relation between functional behavior assessment and selected intervention strategies with school-based teams. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7, 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007050070040201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Severini, K. E., Ledford, J. R., & Robertson, R. E. (2018). Systematic review of problem behavior interventions: Outcomes, demographics, and settings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 48, 3261–3272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3591-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2011). Teacher job satisfaction and motivation to leave the teaching profession: Relations with school context, feeling of belonging, and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27, 1029–1038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland-Cohen, M. K., & Horner, R. H. (2015). Typical school personnel developing and implementing basic behavior support plans. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 17, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300714554714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland-Cohen, M. K., Pinkelman, S. E., Jimerson, J. B., Berg, T. A., Pinkney, C. J., & McIntosh, K. (2019). Sustaining individualized behavior support: Barriers and enablers. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 63, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2018.1456399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R. H., & Iwata, B. A. (2007). A comparison of outcomes from descriptive and functional analyses of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40, 333–338. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2007.56-06.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tiger, J. H., Hanley, G. P., & Bruzek, J. (2008). Functional communication training: a review and practical guide. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 1, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391716.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Van Acker, R., Boreson, L., Gable, R. A., & Potterton, T. (2005). Are we on the right course? Lessons learned about current FBA/BIP practices in schools. Journal of Behavioral Education, 14, 35–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-005-0960-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, T. S., Ray, K. P., Turner, H. S., & Logan, P. (1999). Teacher-implemented functional analysis and treatment: a method for linking assessment to intervention. School Psychology Review, 28, 292–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Megan Skrbec, Naomi Alphonso, Tessa Conaway, Landon Cowan, Fernanda Oda, Amber Prell, Katie Galbreath, Jessica Maldonado, Elizabeth Luna, Michelle Wang, and Alyssa Embry for their help with data collection and simulation training. Funding was provided by Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kally M. Luck.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Kally M. Luck declares that she has no conflict of interest Dorothea C. Lerman declares that she has no conflict of interest. Sarah D. Williams declares that she has no conflict of interest. Victoria L. Fletcher declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All the procedures performed in this study with the human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments of comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 83 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Luck, K.M., Lerman, D.C., Williams, S.D. et al. Training Special Education Teachers to Select and Implement Appropriate Procedural Variations of Functional Communication Training. J Behav Educ 31, 350–366 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-020-09401-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-020-09401-6

Keywords

Navigation