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Biocompatibility of bioabsorbable Mg–Ca alloys with rare earth elements addition

  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Original Research
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Abstract

The objectives were to investigate the mechanical strength and biocompatibility of Mg2Ca2Gd and Mg1Ca2Nd (wt%) alloys developed for biomedical application as implantable bioabsorbable devices. Samples were implanted in New-Zealand rabbits tibia for 3, 6 and 8 weeks and compatibility analysis involved whole blood test, biochemistry, histopathology, histology, and radiographs. Refinement in grains were observed in Mg2Ca2Gd alloy; and Mg5Gd, Mg41Nd5, α-Mg and Mg2Ca phases were identified. Polarization curves revealed easier oxidation of Mg2Ca2Gd alloy, smaller values of corrosion rate and a higher polarization resistance of Mg1Ca2Nd. Adequate compatibility of both alloys was identified with pre-osteoblast stem cells. Red and white cells stayed compatible with reference ranges. Enzymes from liver and kidneys stayed at regular values and samples from kidneys and liver tissues presented similar organization to control animals. Histological displays from implantation sites disclosed well-structured tissues with evidences of bone cells activities compatible with the new bone tissues observed. Radiographs from tibias did not revealed relevant gas pockets. Mg2Ca2Gd alloy demonstrated faster degradation. Adequate biocompatibility was observed in Mg–Ca alloys with RE addition, being potential candidates for development of metallic implantable bioabsorbable devices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ana Caroline Crema de Almeida for acquisition of potentiodynamic polarization curves and extrapolation calculations, Fábio Oliveira Monteiro and Hugo Vieira Fajardo for assistance during surgery and histopathological analysis and Rodrigo Tanaka for cytotoxicity assays.

Funding

This work was supported by Carlos Chagas Foundation for Research Support from the Rio de Janeiro State (FAPERJ) [E-26/201.759/2015], [E-26/201.828/2015], [E-26/010.001.262/2015] and National Council of Technological and Scientific Development from Brazilian Government (CNPq) [168807/2017-3].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials Laboratory, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil

    Daniel Fernandes, Celso Resende & Carlos Elias

  2. School of Engineering, University of South Australia, V Building, Office V1-17w15, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia

    Daniel Fernandes

  3. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0126, USA

    Jacqueline Cavalcanti

  4. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China

    Dexue Liu

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  1. Daniel Fernandes
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Correspondence to Daniel Fernandes.

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Fernandes, D., Resende, C., Cavalcanti, J. et al. Biocompatibility of bioabsorbable Mg–Ca alloys with rare earth elements addition. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 30, 134 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6330-y

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