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Improved magnetic and electrical properties of Bi1−xCaxFeO3 multiferroic nanomaterials

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Abstract

This paper investigates the structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrical characteristics of sol–gel auto-combustion synthesized Bi1−xCaxFe2O3 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25) multiferroics. Characterization of the synthesized samples was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and electrical properties by Impedance Analyser. The materials exhibit a rhombohedral structure within the R3c space group. FESEM experiments revealed the nanocrystalline nature of the prepared materials. The FTIR spectra display Fe–O bond vibrations at approximately 450–465 and 560–582 cm−1. Magnetic measurements indicate an enhancement in saturation magnetization for doped samples, with Ca-doped BFO nanoparticles showing a saturation magnetization ranging from 1.45 emu/g to 2.49 emu/g at a 20kOe applied magnetic field. The observed increase in the diameters of the semicircles and their higher frequency shifting in the cole-cole plot across the 10 Hz–1 MHz frequency range suggests a rise in granularity and its limits.

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The corresponding authors’ data supporting this study’s findings are available upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The author, K. M. Batoo, would like to thank Researchers Supporting Project no. (RSP2023R148), at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    G. M. Sravani & K. Samatha

  2. Department of Engineering Physics, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

    N. Murali

  3. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India

    N. Murali

  4. Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women (A), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    B. Chandra Sekhar

  5. Department of Physics, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, India

    P. S. V. Shanmukhi

  6. Department of Physics, School of Technology, The Apollo University, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, 517127, India

    D. Kothandan

  7. Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, Tigray, Axum, Ethiopia

    Tulu Wegayehu Mammo

  8. Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal

    D. Parajuli

  9. King Abdullah Institute For Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Mujasam Batoo

  10. Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Sajjad Hussain

  11. Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Sajjad Hussain

Authors
  1. G. M. Sravani
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  2. N. Murali
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  4. P. S. V. Shanmukhi
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  5. D. Kothandan
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  7. D. Parajuli
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  8. Khalid Mujasam Batoo
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  9. Sajjad Hussain
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  10. K. Samatha
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. G. M. Sravani, N. Murali, B. Chandra Sekhar, P. S. V. Shanmukhi, D. Kothandan, Tulu Wegayehu Mammo, D. Parajuli, Khalid Mujasam Batoo, Sajjad Hussain, K. Samatha performed material preparation, data collection and analysis. N. Murali wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to N. Murali.

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Sravani, G.M., Murali, N., Sekhar, B.C. et al. Improved magnetic and electrical properties of Bi1−xCaxFeO3 multiferroic nanomaterials. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 539 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12300-5

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