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Structural and optical properties of Iodine doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Abstract

Iodine- doped zinc oxide (viz., ZnO1-xIx) nanoparticles were prepared using the sol–gel method. The samples were treated at 700 °C in air for 1h. The structural, morphological and optical properties were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV/vis) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. XRD results showed that the pure and doped samples have a wurtzite hexagonal structure, indicating the presence of some impurities in doped samples. The lattice parameters a and c were observed to be closer to the reported values for pure ZnO. The average crystalline size values of samples were calculated and found to be between 84 ± 18 and 177 ± 53 nm. The FE-SEM micrographs reveal that the particle sizes decreased from 77 to 57 nm with an increasing I concentration from x = 0.0 to x = 0.4, respectively. The morphologies of the samples were changed from particle to flask shape at higher I concentrations of 0.6 and 0.8 with average diameters of 213 and 427 nm. The increasing I concentration from 0.0 to 0.8 narrows the optical energy gap (Eg) from 3.271 to 3.242 eV due to the presence of oxygen vacancies or the lattice expansion caused by doping. Raman spectra of samples consist of the E2(high) mode, which confirmed the wurtzite hexagonal structure and it is located between 435 and 436 cm−1 except for x = 0.6, where the E2(high) mode was shifted to the higher wavenumber could be due to defects or anisotropic internal strains consistent to different growth directions.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partly supported by HP-NANOBIO Project PID2019-111163RB-I00, granted by Spanish Ministry of Science. CVV belongs to the Galician Competitive Research Group ED431C-2021/16, co-funded by FEDER. The authors would like to thank the use of RIAIDT-USC analytical facilities (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain) and Gabes University (Tunisia) for analytical assistance.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from HP-NANOBIO Project PID2019-111163RB-I00, granted by Spanish Ministry of Science. CVV belongs to the Galician Competitive Research Group ED431C-2021/16, co-funded by FEDER.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics department, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya

    Ftema W. Aldbea & Umkalthoum Ali Othman

  2. Laboratory of Magnetism and Nanotechnology (NANOMAG), Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Materials (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Carlos Vázquez Vázquez

  3. Metal Extraction and Recycling Division (MER), CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, 831007, India

    A. Sharma

  4. Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Renewable Energy Systems, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, BP 95, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia

    A. Boukhachemd

  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya

    Ollaa M. Mailoude

  6. Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment, Gabes University, Gabes, Tunisia

    Mabrouk Kraini

  7. Center for Solar Cell and Renewable Energy, Department of Physics, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

    Pramod. K. Singh

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [FWA], [CVV] and [UAO]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [FWA] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Aldbea, F.W., Vázquez Vázquez, C., Othman, U.A. et al. Structural and optical properties of Iodine doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 459 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12170-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12170-x

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