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Preparation of porous indium tin oxide thin films via saccharin-aided sol–gel process for carbon monoxide gas sensing applications

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Abstract

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystalline coatings were synthesized on a silicon oxide substrate with and without addition of saccharin. The effect of saccharin additive (0–0.1 M) on the average grain size of the coatings was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology. Optical properties were studied using ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy. The electrical resistance of ITO thin films coated on quartz substrates was measured using four-point probe technique. Saccharin was added to the sol–gel solution as a grain-refining and pore-producing agent. Carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensitivity was investigated for ITO porous thin films, and the best saccharin-modified microstructure showed a sensitivity of (RAir/RCO) 65.2 for 100-ppm CO concentration at 250 °C.

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Data availability

Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to [restrictions, e.g., their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants].

Abbreviations

SAC:

Saccharin

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

ITO-SAC X:

ITO samples with X molar saccharin in sol–gel procedure

CO:

Carbon monoxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Zahra Damshekan, Iman Moghim & Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom

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  1. Zahra Damshekan
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  2. Iman Moghim
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  3. Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom
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Contributions

ZD and MEB conceived the presented idea. MEB encouraged ZD to investigate the effect of saccharin on thin-film coating and supervised the findings of this work. ZD and IM carried out the experiments. IM designed and performed the experiments and analyzed the data. ZD and IM performed the measurements. MEB was involved in planning and supervised the work. ZD and IM processed the experimental data, performed the analysis, drafted the manuscript, and designed the figures. ZD and IM manufactured the samples and characterized them using SEM, UV–vis, 4 Point prob, and gas sensing spectroscopy. IM performed the XRD characterization and data analyzed. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Iman Moghim.

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Damshekan, Z., Moghim, I. & Bahrololoom, M.E. Preparation of porous indium tin oxide thin films via saccharin-aided sol–gel process for carbon monoxide gas sensing applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 937 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10261-9

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