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Continuous wave laser-induced nonlinear optical properties of nanofluids based on graphene quantum dot

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Abstract

This work reports the third-order nonlinear optical study of graphene quantum dot-based nanofluid. Graphene quantum dots have proved their superiority over conventional semiconductor quantum dots in a wide range of applications. However, the experimental probe of their third-order nonlinear optical properties for photonics application remains scarce. The structural, morphological and compositional analysis of the graphene quantum dot nanofluids was achieved using Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The excellent linear optical properties were revealed through UV–visible absorption spectroscopy along with Photoluminescence spectroscopy. Z-scan technique utilizing a continuous wave laser at 532 nm wavelength was employed to study the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the material. Open-aperture and closed-aperture Z-scan measurements, respectively, display the reverse saturable absorption and self-defocusing effect. The nonlinear absorption coefficient β, nonlinear refractive index n2, and third-order nonlinear susceptibility obtained in the order of 10–4 cm/W, 10–9 cm2/W and 10–6 e.s.u are comparable with those of graphene-based materials reported. Thus, this study proves the potential of graphene quantum dot nanofluids in optoelectronic applications.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the analysis support from the Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre, CUSAT, Kochi, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Mahatma Gandhi University, Central Laboratory for Instrumentation and Facilitation, University of Kerala and St. Thomas College, Thrissur, Kerala.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial assistance provided by the Department of Bio-technology STAR scheme (BT/HRD/11/053/2019), Science Engineering Research Board (SERB, EMR/2017/000178) Government of India, Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment (KSCSTE)(SAARD 607/2015/KSCSTE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Functional Materials, Department of Physics, Christian College, University of Kerala, Chengannur, 689122, India

    Elsa Susan Zachariah, Raji Mary Mathew, Jasmine Jose & Vinoy Thomas

  2. Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600127, India

    G. Vinitha

  3. Department of Physics, MSM College, Kayamkulam, 690502, India

    I. Rejeena

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  1. Elsa Susan Zachariah
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Contributions

ESZ: Formal analysis, Investigation, data curation, Writing—original draft preparation; RMM: data curation, Writing—review and editing; JJ: Writing—review and editing, VG: resources, VT: Writing—review and editing, supervision, RI: Writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to I. Rejeena.

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Zachariah, E.S., Mathew, R.M., Jose, J. et al. Continuous wave laser-induced nonlinear optical properties of nanofluids based on graphene quantum dot. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 453 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09930-6

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