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Extraction of excessively reduced graphene oxide from discarded dry cell batteries by anodic exfoliation method

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Abstract

The synthesis of graphene materials in both high quality and quantity via economic ways is highly desirable and meaningful for practical applications. In this study, we reported the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets in quantity via the anodic exfoliation of graphite in (NH4)2S2O8 aqueous solution. The proposed electrochemical exfoliation mechanism disclosed that SO4 −2 and O2 −2 could be intercalated into those graphite sheets, and rGO was obtained by the formation of gaseous SO2 and O2 within graphite sheets. The as-prepared sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to confirm the formation of rGO. The XRD results indicated that the distance spacing of rGO was longer than that of graphite and the crystal structure of graphite was changed. The results of SEM exposed the random and ultrathin paper-like morphology of the rGO sheets. TEM images of rGO display interconnected sheet-like silky wave with wrinkled and clumped structure. We obtained the highest specific capacitance of 40.19 F/g for rGO at scan rate 50 mV/s. Our work has a bright future for large-scale rGO production intended for electrochemical energy storage.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by DST-SERB, New Delhi, with major sponsoring of the project [Grant Number (EEQ/2021/000633)] and The Institute of Science, Dr Homi Bhabha State University, Fort, Mumbai, MH, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, 15, Madam Cama Road, Fort, Mumbai, 400032, India

    Ayesha Khan, Amar Jadhav, J. M. Khobragade & Anamika Vitthal Kadam

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Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, and manuscript writing were performed by AK. Formal Analysis, validation, writing—original draft preparation were performed by ALJ. Data collection and formal analysis were performed by AK and ALJ. Writing—review and editing, supervision were performed by JMK and AVK. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anamika Vitthal Kadam.

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Khan, A., Jadhav, A., Khobragade, J.M. et al. Extraction of excessively reduced graphene oxide from discarded dry cell batteries by anodic exfoliation method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 62 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09431-y

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